13 prostate KBP-guided VMAT plans were optimized via QAO using user-specified maximum LG displacements before corresponding changes in predicted GPRs and dose were assessed. Predicted GPRs increased by an average of 1.14±1.25% (p=0.006) with QAO using a 3mm maximum random LG displacement. There were small differences in dose, resulting in similarly small changes in tumor control probability (maximum increase=0.05%) and normal tissue complication probabilities in the bladder, rectum, and femoral heads (maximum decrease=0.2% in the rectum). This study explored the feasibility of QAO and warrants future investigations of further incorporating QA endpoints into plan optimization.This study explored the feasibility of QAO and warrants future investigations of further incorporating QA endpoints into plan optimization. This study was conducted to develop national indication-based DRL values for common indications of adult computed tomography (CT) examinations for clinical application in Ghana. The methodological approach recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), Publication 135, for the development of DRLs, was employed. Studies on CT infrastructure, common indications and quality control tests were first undertaken. A sample of 20 CT dose descriptor/quantity data sets were collected from each centre for each indication. Overall, 3960 data sets were collected for all identified common indications from 71.4% of the total CT scanners in Ghana (25/35). The data were collected from image folders reported and accepted by radiologists. The objective image quality was assessed through a signal to noise ratio (SNR) analysis prior to using the data and extracting DRL values. Clinical indications and their respective DRL values in terms of volume weighted CT dose index (CTDI ) and dose length product (DLP) were cerebrovascular accident (CVA)/stroke (77mGy; 1313mGy.cm), head trauma/injury (76mGy; 1596mGy.cm), brain tumour/space occupying lesion (SOL) (77mGy; 2696mGy.cm), lung tumour/cancer (12mGy; 828mGy.cm) and chest lesion with chronic kidney disease (CKD) (13mGy; 467mGy.cm). Others were abdominopelvic lesion (17mGy; 1299mGy.cm), kidney stones (15mGy; 731mGy.cm), urothelial malignancy/CT-intravenous urogram (CT-IVU) (11mGy; 1449mGy.cm) and pulmonary embolism (PE) (14mGy; 942mGy.cm). National Indication-based DRL values developed in this study are recommended to be used to manage CT radiation dose in Ghana.National Indication-based DRL values developed in this study are recommended to be used to manage CT radiation dose in Ghana. Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) can be associated with severe postoperative morbidity. This study aims to develop a preoperative POPF risk calculator that can be easily implemented in clinical routine. Patients undergoing PD were identified from a prospectively-maintained database. A total of 11 preoperative baseline and CT-based radiological parameters were used in a binominal logistic regression model. selleck chemicals llc Parameters remaining predictive for grade B/C POPF were entered into the risk calculator and diagnostic accuracy measures and ROC curves were calculated for a training and a test patient cohort. The risk calculator was transformed into a simple nomogram. A total of 242 patients undergoing PD in the period from 2012 to 2018 were included. CT-imaging-based maximum main pancreatic duct (MPD) diameter (p=0.047), CT-imaging-based pancreatic gland diameter at the anticipated resection margin (p=0.002) and gender (p=0.058) were the parameters most predictive for grade Btine and may be a valuable model to select patients for POPF-preventive therapy or as a stratification tool for clinical trials. Chronic pancreatitis is a known risk factor of pancreatic cancer (PDAC). A similar association has been suggested but not demonstrated for autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). The aim of our study was to identify and analyse all published cases of AIP and PDAC co-occurrence, focusing on the interval between the diagnoses and the cancer site within the pancreas. Relevant studies were identified through automatic searches of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, and supplemented by manual checks of reference lists in all retrieved articles. Missing/unpublished data were obtained from the authors of relevant publications in the form of pre-prepared questionnaires. A total of 45 cases of PDAC in AIP patients were identified, of which 12 were excluded from the analysis due to suspicions of duplicity or lack of sufficient data. Thirty-one patients (94%) had type 1 AIP. Synchronous occurrence of PDAC and AIP was reported in 11 patients (33%), metachronous in 22 patients (67%). In the metachronous group, the median period between diagnoses was 66.5 months (2-186) and a majority of cancers (86%) occurred more than two years after AIP diagnosis. In most patients (70%), the cancer originated in the part of the pancreas affected by AIP. In the literature, there are reports on numerous cases of PDAC in AIP patients. PDAC is more frequent in AIP type 1 patients, typically metachronous in character, and generally found in the part of the pancreas affected by AIP.In the literature, there are reports on numerous cases of PDAC in AIP patients. PDAC is more frequent in AIP type 1 patients, typically metachronous in character, and generally found in the part of the pancreas affected by AIP. Survival in ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head (hPDAC) is poor. After implementation of the circumferential resection margin (CRM) into standard histopathological evaluation, the margin negative resection rate has drastically dropped. However, the impact of surgical radicality on survival and the influence of malignant infiltration of the mesopancreatic fat remains unclear. At our institution, a standardized dissection of the mesopancreatic lamina and peri-pancreatic vessels are obligatory components of radical pancreatoduodenectomy. The aim of our study was to histopathologically analyze mesopancreatic tumor infiltration and the influence of CRM-evaluated resection margin on relapse-free and overall survival. Clinicopathological and survival parameters of 264 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for hPDAC were evaluated. The rate of R0 resection R0(CRM-) was 48.5%, after the implementation of CRM. Mesopancreatic fat infiltration was evident in 78.4% of all consecutively treated patients.