Awake fibreoptic nasotracheal intubation is an effective technique for the management of patients with difficult airways. Adequate sedation with effective topicalization of the airway is important to overcome discomfort and achieve intubation successfully. Our aim was to compare the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine-midazolam with fentanyl-midazolam infusion for providing conscious sedation during fibreoptic intubation in patients with anticipated difficult airway under topical anaesthesia. Thirty adult patients of ASA physical status classification I and II with anticipated difficult airway and planned for elective awake nasal fibreoptic intubation under conscious sedation were randomly allocated into two groups. Dexmedetomidine 1 μg.kg-1 diluted in 50 ml saline was infused in Group DM over 10 min and Fentanyl 2 μg.kg-1 diluted in 50 ml saline was infused in Group FM over 10 min. Topicalization of the airway was done in all patients. All patients were assessed for sedation score, ease of endotracheal tube placement, patient comfort and cooperation, tolerance to endotracheal tube, any adverse events and recall of procedure. The score of the modified OAA/S was comparable between the groups ( > 0.05). Quality of AFOI was comparable in both groups ( > 0.05). The intubation time and first EtCO2 were significantly lower in dexmedetomidine group ( <0.05). Group DM also showed better hemodynamics and less episodes of desaturation than Group FM. Fentanyl-midazolam and dexmedetomidine-midazolam are both effective for awake fiberoptic intubation under topical anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine allows better endurance and more stable hemodynamics.Fentanyl-midazolam and dexmedetomidine-midazolam are both effective for awake fiberoptic intubation under topical anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine allows better endurance and more stable hemodynamics. For an outpatient surgery, an ideal anesthetic drug should have a faster onset and shorter duration of action and minimal side effects. Although Bupivacaine is a drug of choice in spinal anesthesia but is not suitable for ambulatory surgeries. We aimed to compare 1% 2-chloroprocaine (2-CP) which is considered to be a short-acting agent with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine as a spinal anesthetic agent in ambulatory surgeries. The study includes a prospective analysis of 60 patients who underwent ambulatory surgeries of <60 min and were randomly divided into two groups of 30 each Group I - intrathecal injection of preservative-free formulation of 1% 2-CP 40 mg (4 mL) given and Group II - intrathecal injection of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 10 mg (2.0 mL) given time to reach surgical anesthesia, time for resolution of motor block, time for end of anesthesia, time to requirement of first postoperative analgesic, time to unassisted ambulation, time for micturition, and time to reach discharge readiness criteria, which were recorded. We observed that in the CP group, onset time is early and there was more fast regression of surgical anesthesia in the CP group resulting in less time required for unassisted ambulation and less time for discharge from the hospital. We concluded that 2-CP can be used for spinal anesthesia in shorter duration surgeries with early recovery from anesthesia and hence early discharge from the hospital.We concluded that 2-CP can be used for spinal anesthesia in shorter duration surgeries with early recovery from anesthesia and hence early discharge from the hospital. Intraoperative antifibrinolytic drug administration is a safe and effective method of reducing blood loss and allogenic transfusions in patients undergoing spine deformity correction. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two antifibrinolytic drugs tranexamic acid (TXA) and epsilon amino caproic acid (EACA) in reducing peri-operative blood loss and transfusion requirements against a placebo control in patients with idiopathic scoliosis undergoing correction surgery. This is a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled comparative study. Patients in TXA group received 50 mg.kg bolus and 10 mg.kg .h infusion as against 100 mg.kg and 10 mg.kg .h infusion in EACA group. The placebo group had saline bolus and infusion. Parameters observed included baseline demographic and deformity data, duration of surgery, total peri-operative blood loss, and allogenic packed red cell transfusion requirements. Mean and standard deviation were used to represent the quantitative continuous data, and percentage was used to represent categorical data. The Student's -test and ANOVA were used to compare means between groups. Bonferroni's multiple comparison test was used to find out the association between categorical variables. A total of 36 patients were enrolled with 12 patients in each group. this website Peri-operative blood loss was 50.1% lower in patients receiving TXA and 17.7% lower in patients receiving EACA compared with the placebo group. The volume of total packed red cell transfusion was 66.7% lower in patients receiving TXA and 45.6% lower in patients receiving EACA compared with placebo. TXA was more effective in reducing total peri-operative blood loss and allogenic transfusion requirement in idiopathic scoliosis correction surgery compared to EACA.TXA was more effective in reducing total peri-operative blood loss and allogenic transfusion requirement in idiopathic scoliosis correction surgery compared to EACA. Ketamine and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to caudal block are used in the pediatric population. We aimed to compare the analgesic and safety profile of dexmedetomidine with ketamine for single-shot caudal block. This was a randomized controlled study conducted in a tertiary care university hospital. Ninety patients admitted for routine infraumbilical surgical procedures under general anesthesia were enrolled in this double-blind randomized study. Following caudal block under general anesthesia, patients were allocated to one of three groups; Group LS received 0.75 mL.kg levobupivacaine 0.25% diluted in saline 0.9%, Group LK received 0.75 mL.kg levobupivacaine 0.25% with ketamine 0.5 mg.kg , and Group LD received 0.75 mL.kg levobupivacaine 0.25% with dexmedetomidine 1 μg.kg . Postoperative pain was assessed by the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) score, and the duration of analgesia (time from caudal block to time at which FLACC score 4 or more) was recorded. Hemodynamic parameters and oxygen saturation were also monitored.