The urgency for a protein transition towards more sustainable solutions is one of the major societal challenges. Microbial protein is one of the alternative routes, in which land- and fossil-free production should be targeted. The photohydrogenotrophic growth of purple bacteria, which builds on the H2- and CO2-economy, is unexplored for its microbial protein potential. The three tested species (Rhodobacter capsulatus, Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rhodopseudomonas palustris) obtained promising growth rates (2.3-2.7 d-1 at 28°C) and protein productivities (0.09-0.12 g protein L-1 d-1), rendering them likely faster and more productive than microalgae. The achieved protein yields (2.6-2.9 g protein g-1 H2) transcended the ones of aerobic hydrogen oxidizing bacteria. Furthermore, all species provided full dietary protein matches for humans and their fatty acid content was dominated by vaccenic acid (82-86%). Given its kinetic and nutritional performance we recommend to consider Rhodobacter capsulatus as a high-potential sustainable source of microbial food.This investigation explored the co-fermentation of antibiotic fermentation residue (AFR) and fallen leaves for enhancing biohydrogen production, and analyzed the mechanism from the aspects of microbial activity, microbial community and functional genes. The results showed that the optimal mixing ratio of AFR to leaves was 2575 (VS basis), which balanced the substrate condition and synergistically enhanced the biohydrogen productivity, and the hydrogen yield was 37.45 mL/g-VSadded, which was 438.8% and 9.2% higher compared to the sole AFR fermentation and the sole leaves fermentation, respectively. The co-fermentation also improved the organics utilization and induced a more effective metabolic pathway. Further microbiology analysis found that the co-fermentation promoted the microbial activity, enriched more hydrogen-producing bacteria (Clostridium sensu stricto 1), and enhanced the expression of hydrogen-producing functional genes (e.g. genes encoding ferredoxin hydrogenase (EC 1.12.7.2) and pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase (EC 1.2.7.1)), which were fundamentally responsible for the synergistic biohydrogen fermentation.In this study, the zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) and electrospinning polyacrylonitrile membrane were combined to prepare electrospinning carbon nanofibers composite cathode (ZIF-67/CNFs) which could enhance the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) cathode. The optimum electrode 3 wt% ZIF-67/CNFs revealed the excellent ORR performance with a half-wave potential of -0.03 V vs. Ag/AgCl, which was more positive than Pt/C-CC (-0.09 V vs. Ag/AgCl). The highest output voltage (607±9 mV) and maximum power density (1.191±0.017 W m-2) were obtained when the prepared ZIF-67/CNFs electrode was applied to the cathode of MFC (ZIF-67/CNFs-MFC). In addition, ZIF-67/CNFs-MFC showed the best pollutant removal effect. Geobacter was the highest proportion of microbial in ZIF-67/CNFs-MFC. The results have shown that the application of ZIF-67/CNFs electrode to MFC cathode is promising.This review compiled and analyzed the operational conditions (dissolved oxygen, feast and famine ratio, sequential batch reactor cycle length, organic loading rate (OLR), pH, C/N, and temperature) established during the feast and famine culture strategy for the mixed microbial cultures (MMC) selection to understand how these variables could affect the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates, polyglucose, triacylglycerides, levulinic acid and adipic acid from non-fermented substrates. According to the reported information, the dissolved oxygen has a greater impact on the type and amount of produced compound. In a lesser extent, the OLR and the cycle length were identified to have an impact on the accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoates, whose accumulation was favored at lower OLR and longer cycle lengths. Thereby, the information of this work will allow the design of future strategies for the simultaneous accumulation of compounds of interest other than the polyhydroxyalkanoates or understand the operational conditions that would optimize the polyhydroxyalkanoates production.It is a promising method to recover lactic acid from food waste (FW) fermentation, but the bottleneck problem is the low yield when using mixed inoculation. In this study, laboratorial biogas slurry (LBS) and industrial biogas slurry (IBS) were used as the additive in semi-continuous FW fermentation, aiming to promote the production of lactic acid. According to the research results, the addition of LBS or IBS promoted the production of lactic acid significantly from FW, especially carbohydrate, because it increased the pH values, maintained low OPR levels, and increased microbial number and diversity in the fermentation systems. IBS performed better than LBS because of higher pH, more diverse microbial community and more functional microorganisms. The best ratio of IBS to feedstock was 0.2, and the lactic acid yield reached 0.42 g/gVSadded. An excessively high dose would alter the fermentation pathways, reduce the ratio of lactic acid.Freshwater demand is rising worldwide due to largely increasing population and industrialization. Proteases antagonist Latest focus is to explore the Ocean and saline effluent from industries to produce freshwater in a sustainable way via algal desalination. Current physicochemical desalination technology is not only an energy-intensive and expensive process but also gives severe environmental impact from brine and GHGs emissions. Therefore, it is neither environmentally-friendly nor feasible to countries with limited resources. Biodesalination could be an attractive technology with recent breakthroughs in algal bioprocess with fast growth rate under highly saline conditions to effectively remove salts optimally 50-67% from saline water. Algal desalination mainly occurs through biosorption and bioaccumulation which governs by biotic and abiotic factors e.g., strain, temperature, pH, light and nutrients etc. This review provides a current scenario of this novel technology by an in-depth assessment of technological advancement, social impact, possible risks and scope for policy implications.