Purpose Frameworks can be influential tools for advancing health and equity, guiding population health researchers and practitioners. We reviewed frameworks with graphic representations that address the drivers of both health and equity. Our purpose was to summarize and discuss graphic representations of population health and equity and their implications for research and practice. Methods We identified publicly available frameworks that were scholarly or practice oriented and met defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The identified frameworks were then described and coded based on their primary area of focus, key elements included, and drivers of health and equity specified. Results The variation in purpose, concepts, drivers, underlying theory or scholarly evidence, and accompanying measures was highlighted. Graphic representations developed over the last 20 years exhibited some consistency in the drivers of health; however, there has been little uniformity in depicting the drivers of equity, disparities or interplay among the determinants of health, or transparency in underlying theories of change. Conclusion We found that current tools do not offer consistency or conceptual clarity on what shapes health and equity. Some variation is expected as it is difficult for any framework to be all things to all people. However, keeping in mind the importance of audience and purpose, the field of population health research and practice should work toward greater clarity on the drivers of health and equity to better guide critical analysis, narrative development, and strategic actions needed to address structural and systemic issues perpetuating health inequities.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)'s impact has similar characteristics to racism and its effects. First, there is no known immunity to COVID-19 or racism. Second, we wear uncomfortable masks to protect us from the virus. Being black in America requires wearing an uncomfortable invisible mask, hiding anxiety and fear. Third, physical distancing is promoted to reduce COVID-19 transmission. With racism, physical distancing has occurred from the Atlantic Slave Trade to segregation and redlining. COVID-19 has punished communities of color, just like racism has. COVID-19 has suffocated America just like racism does to blacks. If America is tired of COVID-19, imagine how blacks feel.Introduction We assessed satisfaction, fidelity, retention, and implementation considerations across three models of motivational interviewing training in Jamaica to identify a promising model for resource-poor settings. Methods We conducted t-tests to assess differences in fidelity and examined qualitative data for barriers and facilitators (n=52). Results Only 50-75% of all models' trainees completed coaching. Model 1 trainees' mean fidelity was 2.83/4.00 compared with Model 3 trainees' at 2.94/4.00 (t=-0.710, confidence interval=-0.427 to 0.207, p=0.483). Key barriers to completion and fidelity were lack of funding and time. Conclusion We found support for continuing workshop-only trainings; we did not find that higher contact hours produced improved trainee fidelity.Background The rate of safety harm self-perceived medical errors and harms reported in the U.S. ambulatory system is not well characterized. Objectives To determine the prevalence of U.S. adult ambulatory care patient self-perceived safety harms and to gauge the degree of association between harms with various patient characteristics and outcomes. Methods A large U.S. cross-sectional online survey of 9206 ambulatory care adults was assessed for their perception of medical errors and harms during care (misdiagnosis, mistakes in care, and wrong or delayed treatment) and also included patient demographics, health status, comorbidities, insurance status, income, barriers to care (affordability, transportation, and family and social support), number of visits to primary health care services in the past 12 months, and use of urgent or emergency care in the last 12 months. Results The overall rate of self-perceived medical errors and harms among adult patients in the ambulatory care setting was 36%. Female patients, independent of age, and those with multiple comorbidities or barriers to care, reported the highest number of medical errors. Utilization of multiple providers was associated with a greater number of reported medical errors, often resulting in changing health care providers. Patients who reported having trouble affording health care or navigating the system to receive care also reported higher levels of harm. They were cared for by multiple providers, often switch providers, and their care is associated with greater utilization of health care resources. Patients reporting the highest rates of harm had greater use of hospital and emergency room care. Conclusions This large U.S. adult ambulatory care study provides evidence that patient self-perceived medical errors and harms reported by patients are common. Patient self-perceived medical errors and harms occur most commonly in women, with poor health, limitation of activities, and who have three or more comorbidities.Purpose We examined whether sleep characteristics and adverse social exposures were associated with elevated blood pressure (BP) in young adult black women. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis of existing data from 581 black females who participated in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Adverse social exposures included child abuse, discrimination, perceived stress, social isolation, and subjective social status. Self-reported sleep characteristics were measures of duration, latency, continuity, and snoring. find more Logistic regression was used to evaluate the influence of social exposures and sleep characteristics on BP. Results Among the women (mean age=29.1 years), 32.4% had elevated BP (≥130 systolic or ≥80 diastolic). In adjusted analysis, poor sleep continuity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.07-2.70) and discrimination (aOR=1.61, 95% CI=1.00-2.58) were associated with higher odds of elevated BP, while more social isolation (aOR=0.69, 95% CI=0.