Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have transformed the therapeutic management of solid tumors, particularly ovarian cancer. Initially studied in BRCA deficient tumors, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) indications have expanded to include other homologous recombination deficient tumors as well as biomarker-wildtype tumors. They have also gained momentum not only as a treatment strategy, but as a maintenance strategy as well. While PARP inhibitors were initially evaluated in the recurrent setting, they have now moved to frontline therapy. This review will discuss the current FDA indications of the clinically available PARP inhibitors for treatment and maintenance therapies. We will then review the recently completed and ongoing clinical trials which may inform future clinical approvals.Background Bioflavonoids, secondary metabolites of plants, are beneficial in regulating human physiological mechanisms. Bioflavonoids majorly exist in the dietary intake of fruits, vegetables, legumes, pulses, etc. In addition to their cardio-protective and neuroprotective activities, they also possess prominent pharmacological effects including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-thrombogenic actions. However, therapeutic efficacy of the bioflavonoids is hampered by their lipophilic nature, low solubility and variable bioavailability which catch the eyes of formulation scientists. Purpose Nanocrystal formulations were studied for many bioflavonoids, although enough attention has not been given to their commercial exploitation, unlike drug nanocrystals. Nanocrystals of bioflavonoid can be prepared by top-down technique, bottom-up technique or combination of both. This review primarily focuses on nanocrystal technology for bioflavonoids, methods of production, critical process parameters, in vitro and in vivo studies conducted to evaluate the efficiency. Method The detailed literature survey was systematically carried out using different electronic databases. It includes Scopus, Web of Science, Medline via PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Also up-to-date patent search was conducted to understand the prior art and available intellectual properties. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sb-415286.html Result and conclusion It was observed that several formulation and process parameters have an impact on flavonoids nanocrystals and their therapeutic efficacy. Also, clinical studies of flavonoid nanocrystals are barely done so far and thus, substantial safety and efficacy data is necessary for its commercial applications. Nevertheless, nanocrystals can be explored as a promising technology platform for improving overall therapeutic performance of flavonoids in future.Uveal melanoma (UM) is a type of intraocular tumor with a propensity to disseminate to the liver. Despite the identification of the early driver mutations during the development of the pathology, the process of UM metastasis is still not fully comprehended. A better understanding of the genetic, molecular, and environmental factors participating to its spread and metastatic outgrowth could provide additional approaches for UM treatment. In this review, we will discuss the advances made towards the understanding of the pathogenesis of metastatic UM, summarize the current and prospective treatments, and introduce some of the ongoing research in this field.Chemotherapy induced immune-suppression is a common, but potential detrimental, adverse reaction in patients undergoing treatment for cancer, and strategies with capacity to boost the immune cell populations are needed. Physical exercise training is a potent regulator of immune cell viability and function and may serve as a viable, non-pharmacological prophylactic strategy in addition to the current pharmacological management by e.g. granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Here, we review the mechanistic evidence linking exercise training to hematopoietic function and subsequent possible amelioration of chemotherapy-related neutropenia. Firstly, we briefly describe neutrophil regulation and management of neutropenia in cancer patients. Secondly, we summarize the effect of acute and chronic exercise training on neutrophils and their progenitors, and finally we outline the current clinical evidence of exercise interventions in ongoing anti-cancer treatment in regard to neutropenia incidence, treatment tolerance and related outcomes.Enhanced recovery programs (ERPs) aim to reduce psychological and physiological stress related to surgery, and minimize opioid use. This article describes the tenets of enhanced recovery, the guidelines for ERP in lung surgery, and the University of Virginia experience with developing and implementing a program. The impact of these strategies on short-term patient outcomes and potential long-term benefits including influence on lung cancer-specific outcomes are reviewed. The opioid crisis is of utmost importance; this article will explore how ERPs may be a mitigating factor.Background 'Living in the moment' is an essential part of dignity-conserving practice in end-of-life care settings. Although living in the moment is important for care at the end of life, from the perspective of both the person and their family, there is no clear conceptual understanding of what it represents. Objective To explore the concept of 'living in the moment' in the context of dignity-conserving care at the end of life. Design A concept analysis. Data sources The databases of Medline, CinAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, SocINDEX and Cochrane were searched for studies published between 1941 and 2019, and searches of dictionaries and grey literature, as well as hand-searching were conducted, to yield qualitative, mixed methods and systematic reviews published in English, related to the term 'living in the moment'. Method The methods of Walker and Avant were used to identify antecedents, attributes and consequences of the concept of 'living in the moment'. Results The literature review generated a total of 37 papers for this concept analysis. The attributes identified were (1) simple pleasure, (2) prioritising relationships, (3) living each day to the fullest, (4) maintaining normality, and (5) not worrying about the future. The antecedents were (1) awareness of dying, (2) living with life-threatening illness, (3) positive individual growth, and (4) living with an uncertain future. The consequences were (1) a good quality of life, (2) preserving dignity, and (3) coping with the uncertainty of life. Conclusions A universal definition and conceptual model of the main concept, including theoretical relationships between its antecedents, attributes and consequences, was developed. The definition and proposed conceptual model can allow instruments to be developed that measure the effects, existence or attributes of the concept, and identify a theoretical model, and can also lead to new perspectives and strategies for implementation by nurses to improve dignified person-centred care at the end of life.