Overall, the findings emphasize the value of exploring the interactive effects of day- and person-level factors on stress appraisals, thereby offering a platform for future research.Chicken salmonellosis is a common zoonotic infectious disease transmitted both vertically and horizontally. Avian beta-defensins (gallinacins) play an important role in the innate defence of the host and provide broad-spectrum immunity against multiple pathogens.To detect the relationship between immune genes and salmonella carrier status and susceptibility to salmonellosis in chickens, three avian beta-defensin genes (AvBD4, AvBD5, and AvBD14) polymorphisms with carrier-state susceptibility to salmonella and, hence, developing salmonellosis, were investigated in a Chinese local chicken breed based on a case-control study.Fifteen, twenty and nineteen SNPs were found in AvBD4, AvBD5 and AvBD14, respectively. Among the 54 total SNPs, four resulted in non-synonymous substitution of amino acid changes. Five SNPs in AvBD5 and four SNPs in AvBD14 were significantly associated with salmonellosis susceptibility (P less then 0.05). Using the PHASE program, thirteen, ten and twelve major haplotypes were constructed in AvBD4, AvBD5 and AvBD14. Logistic regression analysis revealed that five haplotypes in AvBD5 and six haplotypes in AvBD14 were significantly associated with salmonellosis susceptibility, but no significant haplotype in AvBD4 was detected. A total of six strongly susceptible haplotypes with odds ratio (OR) values greater than 2.0 and four strongly resistant haplotypes with OR value less than 0.5 were revealed in the three genes examined.These results suggested that the AvBD5 and AvBD14 genes may play an important role in the susceptibility to salmonellosis in chickens.This paper aimed to explore the characteristics of the top-100 cited articles on the biomarkers in the depression field and strive to find the future trend. The top-100 cited articles were selected from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Excel 2016 and VOSviewer 1.6.9 were used to analyze the information. Forty-six journals contributed to these 100 articles, and Biological Psychiatry published the largest number of articles (n = 18). Holsboer F (n = 4) contributed the most, and Maes M (n = 118) was the most co-cited author. Twenty-six countries and 220 organizations contributed to the top-100 articles, respectively. The USA (n = 48) was the main contributor. NIMH and Kings Coll London both participated in seven articles. selleck compound Major depression (n = 62), depression (n = 38) and biomarker (n = 31) were the top three keywords. These results indicated that articles published in journals with higher impact factors are more likely to spread. Compared with developing countries, developed countries have contributed more to these articles. It is suggested that cooperation should be strengthened between developed countries and developing counties in the future. More research on biomarkers in the depression field may still mainly focus on major depression.Abbreviation WoS = Web of Science; JCR = Journal Citation Reports; UK = United Kingdom; NIMH = The National Institute of Mental Health; UCL = University College London; IF = Impact factor; BDNF = brain-derived neurotrophic factor; USA = United States.1. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of inactivating GP condensed tannins using graded levels of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on feed intake, physiological, carcass, and meat quality traits of male Cobb 500 broilers.2. Three hundred, two-week old, male Cobb 500 broilers (334.6 ± 21.43 g live weight) were allocated to 30 pens carrying 10 birds each. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated for grower (14 - 35 d) and finisher (36 - 42 d) phases by diluting a commercial broiler diet with untreated GP (PEG0) at 6.5% (w/w) or with the same amount of GP but pre-treated with PEG at 2.5% (PEG1), 5% (PEG2), 10% (PEG3) or 15% (w/w) (PEG4) and randomly allocated to pens in a four-week feeding period.3. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion efficiency (FCE), and blood, carcass and meat quality parameters were determined. Weekly weight gain and FCE linearly (P less then 0.05) increased in week 4 and linearly (P less then 0.05) decreased in week 6 in response to PEG treatment levels.4. Mean corpuscular volume linearly (P less then 0.05) decreased in response to PEG levels, whereas blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio, urea, total protein, globulin and cholesterol showed quadratic trends in response to PEG levels. Spleen and ileum weights tended (P less then 0.1) to linearly decrease with PEG levels. Heart weight and meat redness tended (P less then 0.1) to quadratically respond to increasing levels of PEG.5. It was concluded that PEG treatment partially inactivated GP condensed tannins without compromising the health status of broiler chickens. An optimum PEG inclusion level could not be determined for feed intake, weight gain and FCE. However, the presence of other antinutrients such as fibre and low molecular weight phenolics in GP may be responsible for the linear decreases observed in this study.Despite a strong evidence on the negative association between HIV-related stigma and quality of life (QoL), few studies have examined the indirect effects of this relationship. This study aimed to examine the association between HIV-related stigma and QoL and the indirect effects of positive coping and perceived stress in people living with HIV and depressive symptoms (PLWHD). This study used baseline date from a randomized controlled trial. Structural equation model was used to examine the association between HIV-related stigma and QoL as well as the indirect effects of positive coping and perceived stress. Perceived and internalized stigma had negative direct (β = -0.14, p  less then  0.05) effect on QoL. Moreover, perceived and internalized stigma had indirect effects on QoL through decreased positive coping and increased perceived stress (β = -0.23, p  less then  0.001). Multilevel interventions to reduce perceived and internalized stigma and perceived stress as well as programs to enhance positive coping may improve QoL of PLWHD.