PURPOSE A significant proportion of sport-related concussions goes unreported among adolescents, which can result in irreversible brain damage. It is critical to identify and intervene on factors that significantly impact concussion reporting. METHODS This study tests factors associated with collegiate athletes' intentions to (1) self-report concussion symptoms; (2) report another athlete's concussion symptoms; and (3) encourage others to report. Drawing on the Integrated Behavioral Model, predictors at the athlete level included perceived norms (bystander descriptive norms, injunctive norms, and subjective norms), attitudes (positive and negative expectancies about reporting and playing through a concussion and concussion reporting attitudes), personal agency (self-efficacy to recognize symptoms and communicate), and perceived coach communication. At the team level, coaches' self-reported communication was also included. Athletes (N = 1,858) and coaches (N = 254) at 16 colleges and universities completed Web-based surveys in 2016. Multilevel modeling accounted for the nesting of athletes within athletic team. RESULTS Bystander descriptive norms, positive reporting expectancies, concussion reporting attitudes, self-efficacy to communicate about a concussion, and athletes' perceptions of their coach's communication were positively associated with all three outcomes. By contrast, subjective norms were only positively associated with intentions to self-report and bystander reporting intentions, negative reporting expectancies were only associated with intentions to self-report, and positive and negative expectancies for playing through a concussion were only associated with intentions to self-report and bystander encouragement. CONCLUSIONS In sum, multiple factors within the Integrated Behavioral Model predict reporting intentions and underscore the complexity of athletes' concussion reporting behaviors and offer guidance for the development of prevention strategies. PURPOSE We tested assessments of adolescent pain and treatment recommendations in vignette cases that reflected racial concordance or discordance. METHODS Participants, black and white medical professionals, evaluated two vignettes, an acute asthma exacerbation and a leg injury. Vignettes presented either black or white patients. Participants estimated patients' pain level and indicated their agreement with two treatment recommendations-an optimal and an adequate treatment. RESULTS We expected stronger racial bias in pain estimates for white participants, although results did not support this hypothesis. We expected higher agreement with optimal treatment and lower agreement with adequate treatment, in racially concordant versus discordant scenarios. However, the results did not support this prediction. We hypothesized that pain assessments and treatments would be more strongly correlated in racially concordant compared with discordant scenarios. Results supported this hypothesis in the leg vignette and were most pronounced for optimal treatment (F(1, 70) = 4.38; η2 = .059; 95% CI .007-.280; p = .04). Findings from the asthma vignette contradicted our hypothesis; higher pain estimates more strongly correlated with reduced agreement with an adequate treatment in racially discordant versus concordant scenarios (F(1, 72) = 6.46; η2 = .082; 95% CI .025-.206; p = .01). CONCLUSIONS There were no race-based differences in pain estimates or agreement with treatment recommendations. Assessments of adolescent pain are more strongly correlated with acute pain treatment, specifically narcotic analgesic treatment, in racially concordant versus discordant scenarios. The correlation between pain assessment and treatment is also present in racially discordant scenarios for asthma treatment. PURPOSE Peer relationship problems are associated with pain complaints; however, experimental data linking the two are lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine whether brief social exclusion influences pain processing in healthy adolescents. METHODS A total of 40 adolescents were randomly assigned to a social exclusion or social inclusion/control condition; they then completed a cold pressor task and provided pain ratings. Two weeks later, participants provided ratings for their memory for pain during the cold pressor (nanalyzed = 33). RESULTS Social exclusion had no immediate effect on pain ratings; however, adolescents assigned to the exclusion condition recalled the pain as being less intense compared with adolescents in the inclusion/control condition. CONCLUSIONS In healthy adolescents, brief social exclusion may represent an emotionally salient event that inhibits subsequent rumination or focus on physical pain. Findings should be replicated, and future studies should include youth with chronic pain and/or personal histories of peer victimization. PURPOSE Adolescents are at high risk for sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. Interventions to reduce adolescent sexual risk often have modest outcomes. Understanding of the mechanisms of program effectiveness is needed to develop stronger interventions. We used a randomized controlled trial to examine mechanisms of response to two empirically supported interventions motivational interviewing versus behavioral skills training. METHODS A total of 262 adolescents (mean age = 15.89 years, standard deviation = 1.24; 34% female and 61% Latinx) were recruited from juvenile justice programs in the U.S.; all youth were randomized to motivational interviewing or behavioral skills training. O-Propargyl-Puromycin ic50 Primary outcomes included (1) theory-based mechanisms (condom use attitudes, norms, self-efficacy, and intentions measured before and immediately after the interventions); and (2) risky sexual behavior (frequency of unprotected sex) and condom use measured 3 months postintervention. RESULTS Both interventions significantly increased positive attitudes toward condom use, self-efficacy for condom use, and intentions to use condoms post-test, with no differences by condition. Neither intervention impacted norms for condom use. Both interventions significantly decreased risky sexual behavior and increased condom use at the 3-month follow-up. The pattern of associations of Theory of Planned Behavior constructs to behavior were of similar magnitude in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate common mechanisms of action for these two interventions and support the use of transdiagnostic mechanisms of treatment impact for sexual risk reduction.