9-19.6] and 14.2 points [95% CI, 8.0-20.3] and 18.5 points [95% CI, 9.7-27.3], resp.). HRQOL of children with intermittent exotropia remains stable with observation over 3years (by both child and proxy report), whereas parental HRQOL improves.HRQOL of children with intermittent exotropia remains stable with observation over 3 years (by both child and proxy report), whereas parental HRQOL improves. Children with food allergy are at specific risk for nutritional deficiencies. To retrospectively determine prevalence of vitamin D and iron deficiencies in children with or without food allergy (FA). We compared the markers of vitamin D and iron status of 0 to 17-year-olds with cow's milk allergy (CMA) (n= 77), those with other FAs (n= 70), and those with atopy without FA (n= 87) at an academic pediatric allergy practice. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the impact of CMA and other FAs on vitamin D levels and iron markers. Vitamin D deficiency was detected in one-fourth and insufficiency in one-third of children with CMA and other FAs and in those with atopic diseases but no FA, respectively. Vitamin D levels were associated with vitamin D supplementation and consumption of breast milk, cow's milk, infant formula, or plant-based milk beverage, but not with CMA or other FAs. Older children with FA who did not consume any cow's milk or alternative milk beverage were at highest risk for vitamin D insufficiency. Children with CMA have a higher rate of iron deficiency anemia (8%) than children with other FAs (1%) or those with no FA (5%, P < .001); however, suboptimal levels of transferrin saturation and iron were detected in up to one-third of children with CMA or other FAs. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is common in children with atopy overall, but children with CMA are at higher risk for iron deficiency anemia. Intensive nutritional counseling and nutrient intake monitoring, specifically for vitamin D and iron in those avoiding cow's milk, are necessary to optimize nutritional status.Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is common in children with atopy overall, but children with CMA are at higher risk for iron deficiency anemia. Methylation inhibitor Intensive nutritional counseling and nutrient intake monitoring, specifically for vitamin D and iron in those avoiding cow's milk, are necessary to optimize nutritional status.Inappropriate and injudicious use of antimicrobial drugs in human health, hygiene, agriculture, animal husbandry and food industries has contributed significantly to rapid emergence and persistence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), one of the serious global public health threats. The crisis of AMR versus slower discovery of newer antibiotics put forth a daunting task to control these drug-resistant superbugs. Several phyto-antimicrobials have been identified in recent years with direct-killing (bactericidal) and/or drug-resistance reversal (re-sensitization of AMR phenotypes) potencies. Phyto-antimicrobials may hold the key in combating AMR owing to their abilities to target major microbial drug-resistance determinants including cell membrane, drug-efflux pumps, cell communication and biofilms. However, limited distribution, low intracellular concentrations, eco-geographical variations, beside other considerations like dynamic environments, climate change and over-exploitation of plant-resources are major blslational success are also discussed.In nature as well as in industrial microbiology, all microorganisms need to achieve redox balance. Their redox state and energy conservation highly depend on the availability of a terminal electron acceptor, for example oxygen in aerobic production processes. Under anaerobic conditions in the absence of an electron acceptor, redox balance is achieved via the production of reduced carbon-compounds (fermentation). An alternative strategy to artificially stabilize microbial redox and energy state is the use of anodic electro-fermentation (AEF). This emerging biotechnology empowers respiration under anaerobic conditions using the anode of a bioelectrochemical system as an undepletable terminal electron acceptor. Electrochemical control of redox metabolism and energy conservation via AEF can steer the carbon metabolism towards a product of interest and avoid the need for continuous and cost-inefficient supply of oxygen as well as the production of mixed reduced by-products, as is the case in aerobic production and fermentation processes, respectively. The great challenge for AEF is to establish efficient extracellular electron transfer (EET) from the microbe to the anode and link it to central carbon metabolism to enhance the synthesis of a target product. This article reviews the advantages and challenges of AEF, EET mechanisms, microbial energy gain, and discusses the rational choice of substrate-product couple as well as the choice of microbial catalyst. Besides, it discusses the potential of the industrial model-organism Bacillus subtilis as a promising candidate for AEF, which has not been yet considered for such an application. This prospective review contributes to a better understanding of how industrial microbiology can benefit from AEF and analyses key-factors required to successfully implement AEF processes. Overall, this work aims to advance the young research field especially by critically revisiting the fundamental aspects of AEF.As an indicative biomarker for immunotherapy, PD-L1 plays an important role in the clinical decision-making of the immune checkpoint blockade therapy. PET imaging through radiotracer can real-timely, quantitatively, and non-invasively assess the expression of PD-L1 in tumors. Here, we reported a copper-64 radiolabeled NOTA-WL12, 64Cu-NOTA-WL12, and preliminarily evaluated its application in non-invasively detecting the PD-L1 expression.64Cu-NOTA-WL12 was produced with high radiochemical yield (>90%), radiochemical purity (>98%), and specific activity (20 MBq/nmol). 64Cu-NOTA-WL12 showed high in vitro stability and high binding affinity to the PD-L1 (KD ≈ 3.012 nM). The micro-positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (micro-PET/CT) imaging indicated that 64Cu-NOTA-WL12 was specifically accumulated in the tumor with PD-L1 expression. All results demonstrated that 64Cu-NOTA-WL12 holds great potential for noninvasive evaluation of PD-L1 expression levels.