Finally, an HMM-based postprocessing stage was used to reduce false positives by incorporating the knowledge of transition probabilities between stages into the classification process. The method performance was evaluated using the K-fold (KFCV) and leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) strategies. Main results Using six-bipolar channels, our method achieved a mean kappa and an overall accuracy of 0.71-0.76 and 78.9%-82.4% using the KFCV and LOOCV strategies, respectively. Significance The presented automatic sleep stage scoring method can be used to study the neurodevelopmental process and to diagnose brain abnormalities in term neonates.Background Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase-1 (SCD1) can inhibit the development of diabetic bone disease by promoting osteogenesis. In this study, we examined whether this regulation by SCD1 is achieved by regulating the expression of related miRNAs. Methods SCD1 expression levels were observed in human bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the effect of SCD1 on osteogenesis was observed in human adipose-derived MSCs transfected with the SCD1 lentiviral system. We designed a bioinformatics prediction model to select important differentially expressed miRNAs, and established protein-protein interaction and miRNA-mRNA networks. miRNAs and mRNAs were extracted and their differential expression was detected. The SCD1-miRNA-mRNA network was validated. Findings SCD1 expression in bone marrow was downregulated in patients with T2DM and low-energy fracture, and SCD1 expression promotes BM-MSC osteogenic differentiation. The predictors in the nomogram were seven microRNAs, including hsa-miR-1908 and hsa-miR-203a. SCD1 inhibited the expression of CDKN1A and FOS, but promoted the expression of EXO1 and PLS1. miR-1908 was a regulator of EXO1 expression, and miR-203a was a regulator of FOS expression. Interpretation The regulation of BM-MSCs by SCD1 is a necessary condition for osteogenesis through the miR-203a/FOS and miR-1908/EXO1 regulatory pathways.Existing reports identify the involved roles of ZNF139 and its one circular RNA (circRNA), circZNF139, in the progression of various tumors. However, their relevance and function role in bladder cancer (BC) remain largely unexplored. Herein, we aimed to reconnoiter the role and potential mechanism of ZNF139 and circZNF139 in the progression of BC. Firstly, bioinformatics analyses indicated ZNF139 was upregulated in BC tissues and correlated with disease-free survival of BC patients. The subcellular localization and structural analyses of ZNF139 conveyed the possibility of ZNF139 functioning as a transcription factor. Secondly, circZNF139 was validated by bioinformatics analyses and RNase R tests. ZNF139 and circZNF139 were both significantly upregulated in BC cell lines. Functionally, ZNF139/circZNF139 had facilitated effects on the proliferative, clonal, migratory, and invasive potential of BC cells. Mechanistically, GO, KEGG pathway analyses and western blot assays altogether unveiled ZNF139/circZNF139 activated PI3K/AKT pathway in BC cells, supported by the alteration of AKT at phosphorylation level and PI3K at the protein level. Collectively, this work reveals ZNF139 and circZNF139 cooperate closely with each other to promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion via activation of PI3K/AKT pathway in BC.This study determined normative data for sweat rate (SR) and whole-body (WB) sweat sodium concentration [Na+] in athletes indigenous to a tropical climate, categorized by age, gender, and sport classification. CK-666 ic50 We analyzed data from 556 athletes (386 adult and 170 young) in endurance (END), team/ball (TBA), and combat (COM) sports exercising in tropical environments (wet bulb globe temperature = 29.4 ± 2.1 °C). SR was calculated from change in body weight corrected for urine output and fluid/food intake. Sweat was collected using absorbent patches, and regional [Na+] was determined using an ion selective analyzer and normalized to WB sweat [Na+]. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. SR was higher in males compared with females in both young (24.2 ± 7.7 ml·kg-1·hr-1 vs. 16.7 ± 5.7 ml·kg-1·hr-1) and adult (22.8 ± 7.4 ml·kg-1·hr-1 vs. 18.6 ± 7.0 ml·kg-1·hr-1) athletes, in END sports in girls (END = 19.1 ± 6.0 ml·kg-1·hr-1; TBA = 14.6 ± 4.5 ml·kg-1·hr-1), and in adult males (END = 25.2 ± 6.3 ml·kg-1·hr-1; TBA = 19.1 ± 7.2 ml·kg-1·hr-1; COM = 18.4 ± 8.5 ml·kg-1·hr-1) and females (END = 23.5 ± 5.6 ml·kg-1·hr-1; TBA = 14.2 ± 5.2 ml·kg-1·hr-1; COM = 15.3 ± 5.2 ml·kg-1·hr-1); p less then .05. WB sweat [Na+] was higher in adult athletes than in young athletes (43 ± 10 mmol/L vs. 40 ± 9 mmol/L, p less then .05). These norms provide a reference range for low, low average, average high, and high SR and WB sweat [Na+], which serve as a guide for fluid replacement for athletes who live and train in the tropics.Insulin resistance is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors, and exercise training can improve insulin-mediated glucose uptake. However, few studies have demonstrated the reversibility of exercise-induced benefits. Thus, the authors examine the time-response effects of exercise training and detraining on glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) content, insulin-dependent and insulin-independent pathways in cardiac and gastrocnemius muscle tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Thirty-two male spontaneously hypertensive rats, 4 months old, were assigned to (n = 8/group) T (exercise training 10-week treadmill exercise, 50-70% maximum effort capacity, 1 hr/day, 5 days/week); D2 (exercise training + 2-day detraining), D4 (exercise training + 4-day detraining); and S (no exercise). The authors evaluated insulin resistance, maximum effort capacity, GLUT4 content, p-IRS-1Tyr1179, p-AS160Ser588, p-AMPKα1Thr172, and p-CaMKIIThr286 in cardiac and gastrocnemius muscle tissues (Western blot). In response to exercise trasulin-independent pathways in the muscle tissues studied.Purpose To examine effects of a 10-week after-school physical activity (PA) program on academic performance of 6- to 12-year-old African American children with behavior problems. Methods Participants were randomized to PA (n = 19) or sedentary attention control (n = 16) programs. Academic records, curriculum-based measures, and classroom observations were obtained at baseline, postintervention, and/or follow-up. Mixed models tested group × time interactions on academic records and curriculum-based measures. One-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis tested for differences in postintervention classroom observations. Results Intent-to-treat analyses demonstrated a moderate effect within groups from baseline to postintervention on disciplinary referrals (PA d = -0.47; attention control d = -0.36) and a null moderate effect on academic assessments (PA d = 0.11 to 0.36; attention control d = 0.05 to 0.40). No significant group × time interactions emerged on direct academic assessments (all Ps ≥ .05, d = -0.23 to 0.