, thereby facilitating the understanding of the complex interplay between drug, prodrug and pharmacodynamic properties for quantifying the degree pulmonary targeting. Fathers have been increasingly involved in childbirth since 1990. Attendance at childbirth is considered to benefit fathers' health as well as that of their partner and children. However, childbirth is a life event that parents may experience differently. First-time fathers' experiences have been barely studied and may differ from those of fathers who have already had a child. In order to adapt support and care during childbirth to the needs of first-time fathers, a deeper insight must be gained into their experiences and needs during childbirth. A systematic review of qualitative studies was conducted using PubMed, Embase and CINAHL as well as the snowball method. Quality appraisal was performed and evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. A thematic best evidence synthesis was performed. Of 821 articles, eight qualitative studies and the qualitative data of one mixed methods study were included. GPCR agonist amongst other feelings, fathers experience a lack of knowledge and a need to be better prepur on first-time fathers' experiences. Care for first-time fathers should be formalised. Follow-up research must be conducted on integrating the preparation of first-time fathers into prenatal care. Education and training of professionals must be improved. The lungs of premature and term babies are structurally different from the adult lungs. Preterm lungs are underdeveloped, non-compliant in terms of breathing, often need mechanical ventilation and these patients commonly develop syndromes as a consequence of their prematurity, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Surfactant protein SP-D could be a therapy for BPD. However, there is a need for an animal model that resembles the structural characteristics of premature lungs to test SP-D and future molecules that will target the newborn population. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a pre-clinical model of early alveolarization and structurally premature lungs in 10-day-old rats, and establish the dose safety and distribution of rhSP-D administered intratracheally to premature lungs. Ten-day-old Sprague Dawley rats were selected to develop the lung model. SP-D was administered intratracheally. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lungs were collected to evaluate inflammation and SP-D distribution. The 10-day-old rat pup demonstrates early alveolarization features of premature lung development and it tolerates daily intratracheal injections for up to 14 days. The intratracheal administration of rhSP-D, at a dose of 8 mg/kg, does not induce an inflammatory response or histological signs of toxicity in the premature lung, even with a daily administration for 14 days. The pharmacokinetic distribution of rhSP-D in premature lungs has a half-life of ∼9 h, and the incorporation into blood is minimal. 10-day-old rats are a good pre-clinical animal model of premature lungs, and rhSP-D can be intratracheally administered at doses up to 8 mg/kg without expecting adverse reactions.10-day-old rats are a good pre-clinical animal model of premature lungs, and rhSP-D can be intratracheally administered at doses up to 8 mg/kg without expecting adverse reactions.An array of novel 7-methoxyl-2,3-disubstituted quinoxaline derivatives was designed, synthesized and their potential antihypertensive activities were examined, in an attempt to discover potent small molecules with vasorelaxant effects. The vasoactivities of these compounds on vascular tone, as well as underlying mechanisms were hereby explored. Results showed that five compounds (7s, 7t, 7v, 7w, 7γ) could induce endothelium-independent relaxation in high extracellular K+- and phenylephrine-precontracted C57 mice aortic rings. These five compounds, unlike other commonly used vasodilators, could slowly but effectively inhibit vasoconstriction.Mutagenesis studies have rapidly evolved in the era of CRISPR genome editing. Precise manipulation of genes in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) allows biomedical researchers to study the physiological functions of individual genes during development. Furthermore, such genetic manipulation applied to patient-specific iPSCs allows disease modeling, drug screening and development of therapeutics. Although various genome-editing methods have been developed to introduce or remove mutations in human iPSCs, comprehensive strategic designs taking account of the potential side effects of CRISPR editing are needed. Here we present several novel and highly efficient strategies to introduce point mutations, insertions and deletions in human iPSCs, including step-by-step experimental protocols. These approaches involve the application of drug selection for effortless clone screening and the generation of a wild type control strain along with the mutant. We also present several examples of application of these strategies in human iPSCs and show that they are highly efficient and could be applied to other cell types.Skin mucus is considered the first barrier against diseases in fish. The skin mucus protein profile of the greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) and its changes due to experimental infection with Neobenedenia girellae were studied by combining 2-DE-MS/MS and gel-free LC-MS/MS proteomic approaches. The 2-DE results led to the identification of 69 and 55 proteins in noninfected and infected fish, respectively, and revealed that keratins were specifically cleaved in parasitized fish. Therefore, the skin mucus of the infected fish showed a higher protease activity due to, at least in part, an increase of metal-dependent protease and serine-type protease activities. Additionally, through a gel-free LC-MS/MS analysis, 1377 and 1251 different proteins were identified in the skin mucus of healthy and parasitized fish, respectively. The functional analysis of these proteins demonstrated a statistical overrepresentation of ribosomal proteins (a well-known source of antimicrobial peptides) in N. girellae-infected fish. In contrast, the components of membranes and protein transport GO categories were underrepresented after infection.