24 patients had evidence of COVID-19 and had antibody testing available at the time of analysis. Patients who received OCR had decreased odds of forming antibodies (OR 0.045, p=0.011, 95% CI (0.004,0.488)). Patients who received OCR within the prior 6 months of COVID-19 infection had decreased odds of developing antibodies as compared with other DMTs. This suggests that OCR may attenuate the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2. Additional studies should analyze the odds of spike protein antibody formation in response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for patients on OCR.Patients who received OCR within the prior 6 months of COVID-19 infection had decreased odds of developing antibodies as compared with other DMTs. This suggests that OCR may attenuate the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2. Additional studies should analyze the odds of spike protein antibody formation in response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for patients on OCR. It is suspected that patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are at greater risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection due to disability and immunotherapy. The relationship between MS and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is uncertain. The aim of the study was to collect and analyze this relationship. All MS patients of the Neurological Outpatient Clinic in Zabrze, Poland, were regularly questioned for the symptoms of COVID-19 and contact with an infected person. Patients that presented with COVID-19 symptoms or confirmed contact with an infected person were referred for the COVID-19 test. All patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=41) were included in the analysis. Medical records of the study group were analyzed. Patient condition was monitored in the outpatient clinic after recovery. In 26 subjects, additional examinations, including brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroneurography (ENG), electroencephalography (EEG), color duplex Doppler (CDD), vients seems common despite disease-modifying drug treatment and disability. Self-isolation is recommended to reduce the number of infected patients. COVID-19 infection did not worsen the course of MS in most subjects. Patients with MS may require additional psychological support during the pandemic due to their susceptibility to anxiety. Comprehensive assessment of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in terms of patient profile, clinical and disease-related factors has great epidemiological value. This study aimed to evaluate patient experience and disease-related awareness in MS patients through a nation-wide survey in Turkey Methods A total of 1379 MS patients participated in this cross-sectional questionnaire survey conducted between November 2018 and December 2018. The online questionnaire form included items on sociodemographic, disease-related, first-admission, treatment and follow up characteristics as well as the disability status. Patients were diagnosed at median 28.0 years of age, while the average time from admission to diagnosis and time from diagnosis to treatment were 1.2 years and 2.5 months, respectively. Neurology (45.4%) and ophthalmology (23.3%) were the most common clinics for the first admission, while numbness-weakness in lower and upper extremities (37.6%) and double vision-visual problems (30.6%) were the most common particularly for onset symptoms other than ocular or sensory-motor characteristics.In conclusion, our findings revealed higher likelihood of earlier diagnosis and earlier treatment in patients admitted to an MS-center and in those presenting with ocular problems and sensory-motor deficits, respectively. Curzerene Our findings also emphasize the association of older patient age with higher likelihood of diagnostic delay, and increased likelihood of treatment discontinuation for any reason and/or treatment switching in case of older patient age, younger age at diagnosis and diagnostic delay. In this regard, our findings highlight the need for improved awareness among patients as well as clinicians on initial manifestations of MS to enable admission or referral to an MS-center and to prevent delay in diagnosis, particularly for onset symptoms other than ocular or sensory-motor characteristics. To determine the radiation burden to infants undergoing voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) in a single institution and investigate the effect of shifting from analogue to digital imaging that allowed the use of a radiography-free examination protocol. Anthropometric and exposure data were prospectively collected for 35 consecutive infants undergoing VCUG on a digital system with a standardized examination protocol not including radiographs. Thermoluminescent dosimeters were used to determine entrance-skin dose. Monte Carlo simulations and patient-specific anthropomorphic phantoms were employed to determine organ/tissue doses and effective dose (ED). The associated theoretical risk of radiation-induced cancer was determined and compared to the nominal risk of cancer induction. The radiation burden from VCUG on a modern digital system with a contemporary examination protocol was compared to corresponding data reported previously for an analogue system in the same institution. The median ED from VCUG was found 47 μSv. The associated total life attributable risk of radiation-induced cancer was found 10x10 and 13x10 for boys and girls, respectively. VCUG was found to increase the nominal risk of cancer by a factor of 1.000025 in boys and 1.000034 in girls. Shifting from analogue to digital imaging system resulted in 89% reduction of the radiation burden from VCUG. The theoretical radiation risks for infants undergoing VCUG using a modern digital imaging system and a radiography-free protocol were found to be minor. The transition from analogue to digital equipment resulted in considerable reduction of the radiation burden from VCUG.The theoretical radiation risks for infants undergoing VCUG using a modern digital imaging system and a radiography-free protocol were found to be minor. The transition from analogue to digital equipment resulted in considerable reduction of the radiation burden from VCUG.