Phospholipid bilayers deposited on a variety of surfaces provide models for investigation of the lipid membrane structure and supports for biocompatible sensors. Hybrid-supported phospholipid bilayers (HSLBs) are stable membrane models for these investigations, typically prepared by self-assembly of a lipid monolayer over an n-alkane-modified surface. HSLBs have been prepared on n-alkyl chain-modified silica and used for lipophilicity-based chromatographic separations. The structure of these hybrid bilayers differs from vesicle membranes where the lipid head group spacing is greater due to interdigitation of the lipid acyl chains with the underlying n-alkyl chains bound to the silica surface. This interdigitated structure exhibits a broader melting transition at a higher temperature due to strong interactions between the lipid acyl chains and the immobile n-alkyl chains bound to silica. In the present work, we seek to reduce the interactions between a lipid monolayer and its supporting substrate by self-assemter leaflet structure of a vesicle membrane.The functional application of RNA-guided CRISPR associated Cas9 protein, a bacterial immune system-based protein complex via which in vivo, highly specific, and well regulated, gene editing processes are being monitored at an unprecedented level, has led to a remarkable progress in genetic engineering and technology. The complicated in vivo process of genome interrogation followed by gene editing by the Cas9 complex was recently captured by Knight et al. learn more [Science, 350, 825, 2015] by an elegant single-particle tracking method aided by the two-photon Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopic (FCS) technique. In contrast to the usually observed fast target searching and protein binding event in biophysical systems, an interesting slow genome interrogation process by the RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas9 system through a crowded chromatin environment of a mammalian cell has been revealed in Knight et al.'s study. Motivated by this experiment, in this paper, we provide a generalized theoretical framework to capture this particular target searching mechanism of the CRISPR-Cas9 protein complex. We show that an analysis on the basis of 3D sub-diffusion under a cylindrical volume, created by several non-specific off-target interactions from the DNA strands, can capture the essential details of the process. Moreover, on the basis of this model, we quantify the dynamics of this process and estimate the survival probability, first passage time and the intensity correlation function of the tagged proteins of the experiment. The results from our theoretical predictions are found to be consistent with the experimental observations, and hence seem to provide a plausible microscopic picture of the process.Polymers of glucose, the most abundant and one of the biologically important natural products, named glucans are widely present in fungi, bacteria, mammals, and plants with various anomeric configurations and glycosidic linkages. Because of their structural diversity, the unified strategy for the assembly of pure glucans is yet to be developed. Herein, we describe a general strategy that is applicable to construction of all types of glucans by exploiting a bimodal glycosyl donor equipped with C2-o-TsNHbenzyl ether (TAB), which enables stereocontrolled synthesis of both α- and β-glycosides by switching reaction conditions.Enantiomer-specific identification of chiral molecules in natural extracts is a challenging task, as many routine analytical techniques fail to provide selectivity in multicomponent mixtures. Here we describe an alternative approach, based on the combination of ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) and quantum chemistry (QM), for the direct enantiomers differentiation in crude essential oils. The identification of α-bisabolol enantiomers contained in the raw essential oil (EO) from the Corsican Xanthium italicum fruits is reported as a proof-of-concept. Accordingly, IM-MS experiments performed in Ag+-doped methanol revealed the presence of both (+)- and (-)-α-bisabolol in the EO, while molecular simulations provided the structures of the two α-bisabolol enantiomer silver(I) adducts.In aqueous solution, fluorescence Stokes shift experiments monitor the relaxation of the solute-solvent interactions upon photon excitation of the solute chromophore. Linear repose theory (LR) expects the identical dynamics between Stokes shift and system's spontaneous fluctuations. Whether this identity guarantees the similar dynamics between the nonequilibrated and equilibrium processes for the decomposition energy of Stokes shift, is the main focus of this study. In our previous work [J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2017, 13, 1867-1873], Stokes shift is properly correlated with the various order time correlation functions. As a continuation, its decomposition energy from the subsystem is further represented as the full summation of all the cross time correlation functions between the decomposition energy and the total solute-solvent interaction. Gaussian statistics of the total interactions ensure the same decay rates among the odd orders not only for the time correlation functions, but also the cross time correlation functions, validating LR of Stokes shift and the decompositions respectively. The above mechanism is verified by molecular dynamics simulations in the protein Staphylococcus nuclease, and is robust even as the decomposed energy associated with an individual residue exhibits the typical non-Gaussian properties. Further examinations reveal the consistent molecular motions for a specific residue over the nonequilibrium and equilibrium processes, which are responsible for the nonequilibrium dynamics of the associated decomposed energy. Our results show the appropriateness of LR on the finer molecular scales.Ruthenium(II) complexes catalyze the insertion of sulfur dioxide into (het)aryl and alkenyl boronic acids. The transmetalation-sulfination process proceeds with DABSO in the presence of 5 mol % RuCl2(PPh3)3 in methanol at 100 °C. The intermediate sulfinate salt can be quenched with various electrophiles such as alkyl halides, epoxides, Michael acceptors, and λ3-iodanes in moderate to good yields. The reported sulfone synthesis can be performed either as a direct one-pot or one-pot two-step procedure depending on the reactivity of the electrophile.