5% vs. 4.8%, p less then .05) or being excluded from study enrollment (43.6% vs. 0%, p less then 0.01). Comparing the first and second pilot RCTs, regardless of study arm, families in the second pilot were more likely to complete diagnostic assessment (UC HR 3.41, 95% CI [1.20, 9.68]; FN HR 2.64, 95% CI [1.31, 5.30]) and report greater satisfaction with clinical care. click here In the second pilot, compared to UC, FN continued increase the likelihood of completing the diagnostic assessment (HR 2.57; 95% CI [1.22, 5.40]). CONCLUSIONS Easy-to-implement system-level enhancements improved study recruitment, satisfaction with care, and completion of a diagnostic assessment. With enhancement, FN continued to confer benefits to families. OBJECTIVE We sought to improve scholarly activity of pediatric residents by providing residents with support and guidance from a committee of faculty and staff members dedicated to advancing research within the program while requiring minimal additional funding or resources. APPROACH Established in 2012, the Pediatric Research and Scholarship Committee (PRSC) ascertained research interests of pediatric residents and matched residents with scholarly activity mentors based on mutual interests and goals. We measured change in scholarly activity of residents after the development of the PRSC by reviewing resident presentations at national/regional meetings and manuscripts published pre and post-PRSC. OUTCOMES The average number of conference presentations at regional/national meetings per resident ratio increased from 0.13 over the two years prior to the PRSC to an average of 0.34 over the two years post PRSC, with the overall increase sustained over the seven years post-PRSC (0.13 pre-PRSC vs 0.48 post-PRSC, p less then 0.01). In addition, published peer-reviewed manuscripts with resident primary authorship increased after the initiation of the PRSC from 0 publications over the two years pre-PRSC to a total of 25 publications over the 7 years post-PRSC (p =0.01). An average of 27% of graduating residents with limited PRSC exposure (2 graduating classes) had presented at a regional/national conference during residency, as compared to 50% of graduating residents over the first 2 years of full PRSC exposure, and 59% of all graduating residents with full exposure to the PRSC over the last five years (p=0.03). DISCUSSION Implementation of a research committee comprised of dedicated faculty can play a vital role in stimulating and sustaining productivity in resident research and scholarly activity. Our model can be adopted by other residency programs seeking to advance resident scholarly activities. Liver transplantation for colorectal cancer has regained renewed interest with reported good overall survival in selected patients. The scarcity of grafts is a major obstacle to wider implementation and exploration of this field of transplant oncology. The use of small segmental auxiliary grafts from deceased or living donors might be one way to expand the donor pool with minimal negative impact on the waiting list for deceased donor transplantation and minimal risk for the donor in case of living donor liver transplantation. This review provides an insight into the physiological background for this technique and summarizes technical and surgical considerations and the experiences with this novel concept. Although the international experience still is very limited, the short term outcome could suggest that this is technically feasible. There is not sufficient data to assess long term oncological outcome. The RAPID concept (i.e. resection and partial liver segment 2-3 transplantation with delayed total hepatectomy) is still an experimental surgical procedure and should be reserved for prospective clinical trials. Herein, we describe the main technical issues of RAPID procedure from deceased and from living donor as well and report preliminary results of the first cases performed worldwide. BACKGROUND There is a growing concern that junk food has contributed to the childhood obesity epidemic. Recently, experimental studies suggested that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) gene is strongly linked to western diet-induced obesity. AIM This study investigated the potential role of AHR signaling in childhood obesity and the possible associations of the AHR-aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR)-cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) axis with fatty acid homeostasis and the appetite-related hormones, leptin and ghrelin. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study included 80 children; 54 obese and 26 non-obese of matched age and sex. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, and lipid profile were assessed. Expression of AHR signaling genes was analyzed in blood cells by qRT-PCR. Serum insulin, leptin and ghrelin levels were measured using ELISA. RESULTS The statistical power of this study, calculated using G*Power version 3.1.9.2, was 90% (α = 0.05). AHR and CYP1B1 gene expression levels were upregulated in the obese group compared to controls, whereas AHRR, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 (PPARγ2) were downregulated. Serum leptin correlated positively, while serum ghrelin correlated negatively with both AHR and CYP1B1. Stratification of obese children by age revealed more activated AHR signaling in younger than in older children. Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that AHR, AHRR and CYP1B1 could discriminate between obese and normal weight children. Multivariate analysis showed that AHRR, CYP1B1 and ghrelin could be significant independent predictors of obesity. CONCLUSION This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms contributing to childhood obesity by revealing alterations in the AHR-AHRR-CYP1B1 axis, which could serve as a promising therapeutic target for childhood obesity. PURPOSE To evaluate the diagnostic performance of a multiparametric approach to breast lesions including apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from diffusion-weighted images (DWI), maximum slope (MS) from ultrafast dynamic contrast enhanced (UF-DCE) MRI, lesion size, and patient's age. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 96 lesions (73 malignant, 23 benign) were evaluated. UF-DCE MRI was acquired using a prototype improved 3D-gradient-echo volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) with compressed sensing. Images were obtained up to 1 min after gadolinium injection. MS was calculated as the percentage relative enhancement/s. An ADC map was automatically generated from DWI at b = 0 and b = 1000 s/mm2. MS and ADC values were measured by two independent radiologists. Interrater agreement was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using MS, ADC, lesion size, and the patient's age. The parameters of the prediction model were generated from the results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis.