Furthermore, the ARG2 diet demonstrated no additional benefits on intestinal cells, compared to both the ARG1 and the CON diets, and it even appeared to induce negative effects. In summary, dietary administration of 1% arginine significantly inhibited intestinal inflammatory response and tight junction disruption in skin-wounded gilthead seabream by modulating TLR signalling in the intestine.The membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) superfamily consists of multifunctional proteins that form pores on the membrane surface of microorganisms to induce their death and have various immune-related functions. PFN2 is a perforin-like protein with an MACPF domain, and humans with deficient PFN2 levels have increased susceptibility to bacterial infection, which can lead to fatal consequences for some patients. Therefore, in this study, we confirmed the antimicrobial function of PFN2 in starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus). The molecular properties were confirmed based on the verified amino acid sequence of PsPFN2. In addition, the expression characteristics of tissue-specific and pathogen-specific PsPFN2 mRNA were also confirmed. The recombinant protein was produced using Escherichia coli, and the antimicrobial activity was then confirmed. The coding sequence of PFN2 (PsPFN2) in P. stellatus consists of 710 residues. The MACPF domain was conserved throughout evolution, as shown by multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis. PsPFN2 mRNA is abundantly distributed in immune-related organs such as the spleen and gills of healthy starry flounder, and significant expression changes were confirmed after artificial infection by bacteria or viruses. We cloned the MACPF domain region of PFN2 to produce a recombinant protein (rPFN2) and confirmed its antibacterial effect against a wide range of bacterial species and the parasite (Miamiensis avidus).Blood-based biomarkers are needed to be used as easy, reproducible, and non-invasive tools for the diagnosis and prognosis of chronic neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's Disease (PD). In PD, aggregated toxic forms of α-Synuclein (α-Syn) accumulate within neurons in the brain and cause neurodegeneration; α-Syn interaction with SNARE proteins also results in synaptic disfunction. We isolated neural derived extravesicles (NDEs) from peripheral blood of 32 PD patients and 40 healthy controls (HC) and measured the concentrations of oligomeric α-Syn and of the presinaptic SNARE complex proteins STX-1A, VAMP-2 and SNAP-25. Oligomeric α-Syn was significantly augmented whereas STX-1A and VAMP-2 were significantly reduced in NDEs of PD patients compared to HC (p less then 0.001 in all cases). ROC curve analyses confirmed the discriminatory ability of NDEs oligomeric α-Syn, STX-1A and VAMP-2 levels to distinguish between PD patients and HC. Oligomeric α-Syn NDEs concentration also positively correlated with disease duration and severity of PD. These results are promising and confirm that NDEs cargoes likely reflect core pathogenic intracellular processes in their originating brain cells and could serve as novel easily accessible bio-markers. Further studies are needed to confirm results and eventually for testing rehabilitation programs and drug treatments effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) treated with ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) during the period September 2019 to June 2020 since CAZ/AVI had been marketed in China. A total of 20 MDR-GNB-infected patients were retrospectively identified using the electronic medical record system in West China Hospital. The mean age of the 20 patients was 54.5 ± 17.37 years and 14 (70%) were male. Pneumonia (n = 12; 60%), complicated intra-abdominal infection (n = 10; 50%), and bloodstream infection (n = 7; 35%) were the most common infection sources. Klebsiella pneumoniae (55% 18/33) was the predominant pathogen. The 14-day clinical cure rate was 45%. The 14-day and 30-day mortality rates were 25% and 55%, respectively. No significant difference was found in 30-day mortality between treatment with CAZ/AVI monotherapy and combination regimens (P > 0.05). Three patients suffered from adverse drug reactions such as diarrhoea. No significant difference was found between the effectiveness of CAZ/AVI in the clinical failure and cure groups as salvage treatment of MDR-GNB infection.No significant difference was found between the effectiveness of CAZ/AVI in the clinical failure and cure groups as salvage treatment of MDR-GNB infection. To show how pudendal neurolysis can be managed safely with a laparoscopic approach. Stepwise demonstration of the technique with narrated video footage. The pudendal nerve is formed from spinal roots at levels S2, S3, and S4. It passes through the pelvis parallel to the pudendal vein and artery. This nerve exits the pelvis between the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments then passes through Alcock's canal. It can be compressed and responsible for pain in the gluteal and perineal regions. After confirmation of the diagnosis by positive analgesic block with computed tomography infiltration of the pudendal nerve, surgical decompression may be considered. Indisulam The usual access procedures are the transglutal and transischiorectal ways. This video shows a total laparoscopic approach for a right pudendal neurolysis. It is a step-by-step didactic video. This technique of decompression of the right pudendal nerve by laparoscopy by means of dissection of the ischiorectal fossa along the right internal obturator muscle, after visualization of the obturator vessels and identification of the pudendal nerve, allowed the section of the right sacrospinous ligament and complete removal with repositioning of the nerve in its path. The nerve was followed until it passed freely through Alcock's canal. The procedure went well and without complications, with clinical improvement on waking up. Pudendal nerve neurolysis by laparoscopic technique is a reproducible and safe method for treating pudendal neuralgia, allowing good visualization and dissection of the entire pelvis toward the ischiorectal fossa.Pudendal nerve neurolysis by laparoscopic technique is a reproducible and safe method for treating pudendal neuralgia, allowing good visualization and dissection of the entire pelvis toward the ischiorectal fossa.