05). Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride has obvious anti-inflammatory effects and can reduce the incidence of pulmonary complications after surgery.Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride has obvious anti-inflammatory effects and can reduce the incidence of pulmonary complications after surgery. To compare 7-Day All-Cause Mortality among HDU Patients with Modified Early Warning Score of ≥5 with Those with Score of <5. All patients of age more than 18 years, of either gender admitted in HDU of Medical Unit-II, CHK between September 2019 to February 2020 were included. MEWS was calculated for each patient at time of admission. Patients with MEWS score of ≥5 were allocated to Group-A and those with score of <5 were allocated to Group-B. Patients were followed for seven days and outcome status of alive, expired or discharged was noted. Total of 336 patients were selected out of which 168 patients was inducted in Group-A and 168 patients in Group-B. MEWS Score in patients who expired was significantly higher (Mdn=11) than in those who survived (Mdn=4), p <.001. 7-day mortality in Group-A was 62 (39.9%) while in Group-B was 40 (23.8%). ROC was plotted of MEWS Score for mortality, it showed significant area under curve of 68.4% (p <.001, 95% CI = .62 to .75). MEWS Score of 3.5 showed sensitivity of 89.2% and specificity of 65%. Our results show that MEWS has a positive trend to predict mortality. MEWS score of 3.5 is suggested cut off based on ROC in our study.Our results show that MEWS has a positive trend to predict mortality. MEWS score of 3.5 is suggested cut off based on ROC in our study. To find out frequency, clinicopathological features, response of treatment and outcome among children with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). This retrospective, non-interventional medical charts review study was conducted from a period of January 2011 to January 2020 at Pediatric Department of Nishtar Medical University Hospital, Multan, Pakistan. During the nine years study period, children of both genders, aged less than 16 years, with renal biopsies proven FSGS were included. Patient's demographic along with clinical and laboratory data, urine dipstick for proteinuria, renal functions, 24 hours urinary protein and ultrasonography findings of kidneys, ureters and bladder (KUB) were noted from case records. Response rates of various treatment options and their outcome like remission, partial remission, no remission with stable kidney disease & no remission with progression of kidney disease were noted. During the study duration, out of 307 renal biopsies performed in glomerulonephritis cases, 124 (40.4%) had primary FSGS. In 124 primary FSGS cases, mean age was 8.83±3.05 years while most of the children, 70 (56.5%) were above 10 years of age. Majority of the cases, 64 (51.6%) were male. Mean follow up duration was noted to be 28.35+18.47 months. Most of the cases, 68 (54.8%) were found to have complete remission, 22 (17.7%) partial remission while 11 (8.9%) progressed to ESKD. Among children, frequency of primary FSGS was high at our setting. Most of the cases achieved sustained remission rates with the help of immunosuppressive drugs. Cyclosporine and tacrolimus were found to be the most effective drugs.Among children, frequency of primary FSGS was high at our setting. Most of the cases achieved sustained remission rates with the help of immunosuppressive drugs. Cyclosporine and tacrolimus were found to be the most effective drugs. To investigate the clinical dental students' knowledge on the proper dental setting during COVID-19. Using multicenter cross-sectional study, a 10-items questionnaire was distributed in April 2020 among senior dental students from two dental schools. It comprised three main domains demographic questions, questions investigating student's access to the proper recommendations of dental settings during COVID-19 and the specific recommendations questions. The questionnaire was sent to 654 clinical dental students and the total number of respondents were 267 representing a response rate of 40.83%. The overall knowledge mean was low (1±0.92). Gender was not a statistically significant factor affecting the knowledge score (P > 0.05). Most of the participants never visited the Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control (Saudi CDC) website and received no guidance or advice regarding proper dental practices during COVID-19. A statistically significant relationship was observed between the mean knowledge score and access to knowledge variables (P < 0.05). It was noted that clinical dental students have low knowledge on the proper dental settings during COVID-19 pandemic that was recommended by the Saudi CDC guidelines and they must be equipped with adequate knowledge from reliable sources to overcome their insufficiencies such as a well-structured and dynamic curriculum.It was noted that clinical dental students have low knowledge on the proper dental settings during COVID-19 pandemic that was recommended by the Saudi CDC guidelines and they must be equipped with adequate knowledge from reliable sources to overcome their insufficiencies such as a well-structured and dynamic curriculum. To assess the DNA damage and oxidative stress among traffic conductors and coal miners. An analytical cross-sectional survey was conducted in Karak, Pakistan from March to October 2019. A total of 240 individuals participated in the study with an age range between 17 to 55 years. Among the total sample, 60 participants had exposure to traffic pollution while 60 were mine workers. Two control groups, consisting of 60 individuals each, were also recruited for comparison with the two exposure groups. selleckchem Comet assay protocols were performed for assessing DNA damage and oxidative stress (length of DNA tail, levels of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione (GSH)). Data was analyzed using T-test on statistix 9.0 software. The DNA tail length in traffic conductors ranged from 26.83-30.55µm (Mean=28.69 µm while their control group had DNA tail length of 7.98-9.26µm (Mean= 8.62). There was significant difference (P <0.001) between exposure and control group. The DNA length recorded in coal mine workers and their control group was ranged from 29.