Ghrelin (Ghrl) is an orexigenic peptide with potential roles in the modulation of anxiety- and depressive-like symptoms induced by bilateral olfactory bulbectomy (OB) in rodents. In the present work, we assessed whether intrahippocampal Ghrl could reverse OB-induced depressive-like and amnesic effects by regulating molecular mechanisms related to neuroplasticity. Adult female albino Swiss mice were divided into sham and OB groups, and infused with saline (S) or Ghrl 0.03 nmol/μl, 0.3 nmol/μl, or 3 nmol/μl into the hippocampus before exposition to open-field test (OFT) and tail suspension test (TST) or immediately after training in the object recognition test (ORT). After test phase in ORT, animals were euthanized and their hippocampi were dissected to study the expression of genes related to memory. The OB-S animals presented hyperlocomotion in OFT, increased immobility in TST and memory impairment compared to sham-S (p less then 0.05), but acute intrahippocampal infusion of Ghrl 0.3 nmol/μl produced an improvement on these parameters in OB animals (p less then 0.05). In addition, this dose of Ghrl reversed OB-induced low expression of NMDA1 and MAPK1 iso1 and up-regulated the expression of CaMKIIa iso1 and iso2, and MAPK1 iso2 (p less then 0.05). These results extend the existing literature regarding OB-induced behavioral and neurochemical changes, and provide mechanisms that could underlie the antidepressant effect of Ghrl in this model. Neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation therapy (nCRT) plus surgery has been a standard treatment for locoregionally advanced esophageal cancer and carcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction (EC/GEJ), but the optimal preoperative radiation dose is still unclear. We performed this systematic review to explore the treatment efficacy and toxicity of different radiation dose levels and find an optimal dose-fractionation strategy in EC/GEJ patients receiving nCRT. Embase and Ovid Medline were searched for articles involving cases of operable squamous and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and GEJ in which patients received nCRT up to a dose of 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions that were published until July 2019, when the search was performed. Physical dose distributions were converted to biologically equivalent doses (BEDs), which were described in units of gray (alpha/beta). Pooled rates of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), failure patterns, and toxicities were compared between lower-dose radiation thable EC/GEJ. A total dose of 40.0 to 41.4 Gy in 20 to 23 fractions using modern RT techniques might provide the optimal therapeutic ratio.Based on the limited data, nCRT using BED ≤48.85 Gy10 was suitable for locoregionally advanced, resectable EC/GEJ. A total dose of 40.0 to 41.4 Gy in 20 to 23 fractions using modern RT techniques might provide the optimal therapeutic ratio. The gold nanoparticle (GNP) as a promising theranostic probe has been increasingly studied. The tumor-targeting efficiency of GNPs is crucial to increase the therapeutic ratio. In this study, we developed PSMA-targeted GNPs to enhance GNP uptake in prostate cancer and developed an x-ray fluorescence imaging system to noninvasively monitor and assess GNP delivery. For targeted therapy of prostate cancer, anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) antibodies were conjugated onto PEGylated GNPs through 1-ethyl-3-(-3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) (EDC/NHS) chemistry. In vivo imaging was implemented using an in-house-developed dual-modality computed tomography (CT) and x-ray fluorescence CT (XFCT) system on mice bearing subcutaneous LNCaP prostate tumors. After intravenous administration of GNPs (15 mg/mL, 200 μL), the x-ray fluorescence signals from the tumor were collected at various time points (5 minutes to approximately 30 hours) for GNP pharmacokinetics analys sensitive tool for targeted imaging of prostate cancer, benefiting the elucidation of mechanisms of GNP-assisted prostate-cancer therapy.In conjunction with PSMA-targeted GNPs, XRFproj/XFCT would be a highly sensitive tool for targeted imaging of prostate cancer, benefiting the elucidation of mechanisms of GNP-assisted prostate-cancer therapy.The effects of DNA damage repair (DDR) and mitochondrial dysfunction associated with HCC have been investigated, but the functional role of mitochondrial DDR in HCC remains elusive. We studied the DDR genes and identified XRCC2 as a potential prognostic marker for HCC. XRCC2 overexpression was detected in HCC cells and shown to promote the malignant behavior of cancer cells. XRCC2 depletion in HCC cells led to DNA damage accumulation at the replication site in the nucleus. Additionally, XRCC2-depleted HCC cells exhibited impaired mitochondrial respiration and reduced complex I (CI) activity as XRCC2 was responsible for elimination of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and maintenance of mtDNA-encoded CI-related genes' transcription in a RAD51-dependent manner. We showed that tunicamycin (Tm)-activated sXBP1 bound to the TGTCAT domain and suppressed XRCC2 expression. In HCC patients, we observed a negative correlation between XBP1 and XRCC2 expression. Moreover, XRCC2 inhibition by Tm led to genomic and mtDNA damage, which impaired the transcription of mtDNA-encoded CI-related genes and prevented tumor proliferation in vivo. We described the role of XRCC2 in mtDNA damage repair and HCC progression while unveiling the potential anti-tumor effect of Tm.Systematic reviews (SRs) are common practice in clinical and public health research, but less common in non-human animal research. Systematic reviews of animal studies can be valuable to inform clinical research, to evaluate the need for further animal experiments on a given topic, and to assess the hazard of an environmental exposure in the evaluation of toxicological studies. In the last 10 years, there has been an increase in the number of SRs of animal research, as well as several publications with detailed guidance on how to perform high-quality systematic reviews of experimental animal studies. In order to evaluate current analytical approaches used in SRs of animal studies, easily identify all systematic reviews on a specific topic, and subsequently the original animal studies and their results and promote awareness and understanding of these emerging approaches, we compiled a database of SRs of animal studies. PQR309 order The database was developed using a rigorous, systematic approach and covers a broad range of research fields preclinical research, toxicology, environmental health, and veterinary medicine.