To determine the effects of optically imposed astigmatism on myopia development in chickens. Chicks were randomly assigned to wear either spherical (-10D, "LIM", n = 14) or sphero-cylindrical lenses (n ≥ 19 in each group) monocularly for a week from 5 days of age. All lenses imposed the same magnitude of spherical-equivalent hyperopic defocus (-10D), with the two astigmatic magnitudes (-8D or -4D) and four axes (45°, 90°, 135°, or 180°) altered to simulate four subtypes of clinical astigmatism. At the end of the treatment, refractive state was measured for all birds, whereas ocular axial dimensions and corneal curvature were measured for subsets of birds. Sphero-cylindrical lens wear produced significant impacts on nearly all refractive parameters (P < 0.001), resulting in myopic-astigmatic errors in the treated eyes. Compared to LIM, the presence of astigmatic blur induced lower myopic error (all except L180 group, P < 0.001) but with higher refractive astigmatism (all P < 0.001) in birds treated with sphero-cylindrical lenses. Distributions of the refractive, axial, and corneal shape parameters in the sphero-cylindrical lens-wear groups indicated that the astigmatic blur had directed the eye growth toward the least hyperopic image plane, with against-the-rule (ATR) and with-the-rule (WTR) astigmatisms typically inducing differential biometric changes. The presence of early astigmatism predictably altered myopia development in chicks. Furthermore, the differential effects of WTR and ATR astigmatisms on anterior and posterior segment changes suggest that the eye growth mechanism is sensitive to the optical properties of astigmatism.The presence of early astigmatism predictably altered myopia development in chicks. Furthermore, the differential effects of WTR and ATR astigmatisms on anterior and posterior segment changes suggest that the eye growth mechanism is sensitive to the optical properties of astigmatism. To refine estimates of macular soft drusen abundance in eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and evaluate hypotheses about drusen biogenesis, we investigated topographic distribution and growth rates of drusen by optical coherence tomography (OCT). We compared results to retinal features with similar topographies (cone density and macular pigment) in healthy eyes. In a prospective study, distribution and growth rates of soft drusen in eyes with AMD were identified by human observers in OCT volumes and analyzed with computer-assistance. Published histologic data for macular cone densities (n = 12 eyes) and in vivo macular pigment optical density (MPOD) measurements in older adults with unremarkable maculae (n = 31; 62 paired eyes, averaged) were revisited. All values were normalized to Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) subfield areas. Sixty-two eyes of 44 patients were imaged for periods up to 78 months. Soft drusen volume per unit volume at baseline is 24.6-fold and 2.3-folddata modalities support the ETDRS grid for standardizing retinal topography in mechanistic studies of drusen biogenesis. In China, hypertension prevalence is high and increasing while the control rate is low, especially in rural areas. Traditionally, village doctors play an important role in infectious disease control and delivering essential health services to rural residents. We aim to test the effectiveness of a village doctor-led multifaceted intervention compared with usual care on blood pressure (BP) control and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among rural residents with hypertension in China. In the China Rural Hypertension Control Project (CRHCP), a cluster randomized trial, 163 villages were randomly assigned to the village doctor-led intervention and 163 villages to control. A total of 33,995 individuals aged ≥40 years with an untreated BP ≥140/90 mm Hg or treated BP ≥130/80 mm Hg or with an untreated BP ≥130/80 mm Hg and a history of clinical CVD were recruited into the study. The village doctor-led multifaceted intervention is designed to overcome barriers at the healthcare system, provider, patient, and community levels. Village doctors receive training on standard BP measurement, protocol-based hypertension treatment, and health coaching. They also receive technical support and supervision from hypertension specialists/primary care physicians and performance-based financial incentives. Study participants receive health coaching on home BP monitoring, lifestyle changes, and adherence to medications. The primary outcome is BP control (<130/80 mm Hg) at 18 months in phase 1 and CVD events over 36 months in phase 2. The CRHCP will provide critically important data on the effectiveness, implementation, and sustainability of a hypertension control strategy in rural China for reducing the BP-related CVD burden. Trial Number NCT03527719.Trial Number NCT03527719.Genomic islands (Aeromonas salmonicida genomic islands, AsaGEIs) are found worldwide in many isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, a fish pathogen. To date, five variants of AsaGEI (1a, 1b, 2a, 2b and 2c) have been described. Here, we investigate a sixth AsaGEI, which was identified in France between 2016 and 2019 in 20 A. Retatrutide mouse salmonicida subsp. salmonicida isolates recovered from sick salmon all at the same location. This new AsaGEI shares the same insertion site in the chromosome as the other AsaGEI2s as they all have a homologous integrase gene. This new AsaGEI was thus named AsaGEI2d, and has five unique genes compared to the other AsaGEIs. The isolates carrying AsaGEI2d also bear the plasmid pAsa7, which was initially found in an isolate from Switzerland. This plasmid provides resistance to chloramphenicol thanks to a cat gene. This study reveals more about the diversity of the AsaGEIs.Endocytosed proteins can be delivered to lysosomes for degradation or recycled to either the trans-Golgi network or the plasma membrane. It remains poorly understood how the recycling versus degradation of cargoes is determined. Here, we show that multiple extracellular stimuli, including starvation, LPS, IL-6, and EGF treatment, can strongly inhibit endocytic recycling of multiple cargoes through the activation of MAPK11/14. The stress-induced kinases in turn directly phosphorylate SNX27, a key regulator of endocytic recycling, at serine 51 (Ser51). Phosphorylation of SNX27 at Ser51 alters the conformation of its cargo-binding pocket and decreases the interaction between SNX27 and cargo proteins, thereby inhibiting endocytic recycling. Our study indicates that endocytic recycling is highly dynamic and can crosstalk with cellular stress-signaling pathways. Suppression of endocytic recycling and enhancement of receptor lysosomal degradation serve as new mechanisms for cells to cope with stress and save energy.