Na x CoO2 was known 20 years ago as a unique example in which spin entropy dominates the thermoelectric behavior. Hitherto, however, little has been learned about how to manipulate the spin degree of freedom in thermoelectrics. Here, we report the enhanced thermoelectric performance of GeMnTe2 by controlling the spin's thermodynamic entropy. The anomalously large thermopower of GeMnTe2 is demonstrated to originate from the disordering of spin orientation under finite temperature. Based on the careful analysis of Heisenberg model, it is indicated that the spin-system entropy can be tuned by modifying the hybridization between Te-p and Mn-d orbitals. Verubecestat As a consequent strategy, Se doping enlarges the thermopower effectively, while neither carrier concentration nor band gap is affected. The measurement of magnetic susceptibility provides a solid evidence for the inherent relationship between the spin's thermodynamic entropy and thermopower. By further introducing Bi doing, the maximum ZT in Ge0.94Bi0.06MnTe1.94Se0.06 reaches 1.4 at 840 K, which is 45% higher than the previous report of Bi-doped GeMnTe2. This work reveals the high thermoelectric performance of GeMnTe2 and also provides an insightful understanding of the spin degree of freedom in thermoelectrics.This study aimed to determine the physicochemical properties (proximate composition, color, pH, salinity, water holding capacity (WHC), curing yield, and shear force) and sensory properties (electric nose and sensory evaluation) of Bulgogi sauce with added crust derived from dry-aged beef loin. Increasing the amount of crust in the Bulgogi sauce tended to increase the protein content, fat content, and pH. Uncooked Bulgogi also tended to have elevated fat content, ash content, pH, and shear force. Increasing the crust content tended to decrease the water content, lightness, redness, and yellowness of Bulgogi sauce. The yellowness of uncooked Bulgogi with 6%-12% crust in sauce was significantly lower than that of the control (no crust) and the sample with 3% crust in sauce (p less then 0.05). The redness of the cooked control Bulgogi was significantly lower than that of the samples with crust in sauce (p less then 0.05). The WHC of uncooked Bulgogi with 6%-12% crust in sauce was significantly higher than that of the control and the sample with 3% crust in sauce (p less then 0.05). The flavor, texture, and overall acceptability of the Bulgogi with 9% crust in sauce were significantly higher than those of the control (p less then 0.05). These findings showed that the crust did not degrade the physicochemical properties of Bulgogi sauce and meat. The sensory characteristics of Bulgogi marinated with 9% crust in sauce were rated the best as persensory evaluation. Therefore, crust is a suitable flavor enhancer for Bulgogi sauce, and a 9% addition amount is optimal in terms of quality.Human growth hormone has found favour as a co-gonadotrophin in assisted reproduction particularly in the circumstances of a poor response to stimulation. Its use has been based on animal studies suggesting insulin-like growth factor-1 enhances granulosa and cumulus cell function and possibly oocyte quality. While there is limited ovarian cellular information in women, the use of human growth hormone is alleged to improve egg numbers, embryo quality, clinical pregnancies and live birth in women with a poor ovarian response. A number of cohort studies have claimed these benefits compared with prior nil treatment, but there are a limited number of quality randomised controlled studies. The few good randomised trials indicate an enhanced ovarian response in terms of oestradiol secretion and oocyte maturity with controversial improvement in ongoing pregnancy and live birth. Given the cost of the medication, the lack of convincing data on enhanced clinical outcomes and the theoretical possibility of side effects, we propose it is still too early to determine human growth hormone's true cost-benefit for widespread use. However, a number of emerging randomised trials may tilt the equation to a positive outlook in the future. Meanwhile, the hormone should only be used after full informed consent from the patient as to its effectiveness and efficacy.We previously showed that long-range stapling of two Asn-linked O-allyl PEG oligomers via olefin metathesis substantially increases the conformational stability of the WW domain through an entropic effect. The impact of stapling was more favorable when the staple connected positions that were far apart in primary sequence but close in the folded tertiary structure. Here we validate these criteria for identifying new stabilizing PEG-stapling sites within the WW domain and the SH3 domain, both β-sheet proteins. We find that stapling via olefin metathesis vs. the copper(I)-catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) results in similar energetic benefits, suggesting that olefin and triazole staples can be used interchangeably. Proteolysis assays of selected WW variants reveal that the observed staple-based increases in conformational stability lead to enhanced proteolytic resistance. Finally, we find that an intermolecular staple dramatically increases the quaternary structural stability of an α-helical GCN4 coiled-coil heterodimer.Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is a neuroinflammatory disorder with considerable variation in clinical phenotype, disease progression and therapy response among patients. Recently, paranodal antibodies associated with poor response to intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and more aggressive disease course have been described in small subsets of patients, but reliable serum-based prognostic biomarkers are not yet available for the general population. In current retrospective longitudinal study, we utilized logistic regression models to investigate the associations of serum neurofilament light chain levels with 1-year disease progression and therapy response during follow-up in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. One-year disease progression was defined as a decrease of four or more points (the minimal clinically important difference) on an 80-point Medical Research Council sum-score scale 1 year after sampling. Patients who, compared to treatment received at time of sampling, required therapy switch during follow-up due to insufficient effect were classified as non-responders.