Violence against health care systems is an assault on health and human rights. Despite the evolution of global standards to protect health workers and ensure the delivery of health care in times of conflict, attacks against health systems have continued throughout the world-violating humanitarian law, undermining human rights, and threatening public health. The persistence of such violence against health care, especially in humanitarian crises related to armed conflict, has prompted global institutions to develop systematic monitoring mechanisms in an effort to alleviate these harms, seeking to protect health workers from being harmed for their healing efforts. This article examines the development and implementation of the World Health Organization (WHO) Surveillance System of Attacks on Healthcare (SSA) as a systematic mechanism to collect and disseminate data concerning attacks on health care systems. Although the SSA provides a foundation for monitoring attacks in conflict zones, this research considers whether the SSA has collected the necessary data, categorized these data appropriately, and disseminated sufficient information to facilitate human rights accountability, analyzing the political, methodological, and institutional challenges faced by WHO. The article concludes that refinements to this monitoring mechanism are needed to strengthen the political prioritization, research methodology, and institutional implementation necessary to ensure accountability for violations of health and human rights.Mental health issues are all too common consequences of conflict and atrocity crimes, often causing upwards of one-quarter of the postconflict, post-atrocity population to suffer from physical and mental sequelae that linger long after weapons have been silenced. After more than six years of ongoing conflict, Yemen's already weak health care system is on the brink of collapse, and population resilience has been severely stressed by indiscriminate attacks, airstrikes, torture, food insecurity, unemployment, cholera, and now the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper examines Yemen's responsibilities regarding the right to mental health and details the few actions the government has taken to date toward fulfilling this right. It also presents the current status of mental health care in Yemen, discussing some of the barriers to accessing the available care, as well as alternative models of mental health support being used by the population. In light of the pandemic presently facing the world, the paper also discusses COVID-19's impact on Yemen, detailing its further degrading effects on the country's health care system and people's mental health. Finally, the paper highlights the importance of addressing mental health in furtherance of the peace process.The Boko Haram insurgency in northeast Nigeria is responsible for the highest number of lives lost in Africa in the past decade. The country has witnessed significant violations of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, which Nigeria has signed and ratified. For instance, Nigeria had the second-highest number of children recruited to armed groups and the third-highest number of abductions in 2018. Current humanitarian efforts primarily target camps for internally displaced persons, while state strategies focus mainly on addressing security through combatant-targeted interventions. However, there is a need for more rights-based, integrated, and multifaceted approaches to tackle the interrelated threats to the security of children and their families affected by the conflict. This paper uses the SAFE model of child protection-which examines the interrelatedness of safety, access, family, and education and economic security-to analyze the challenges of children and youth affected by the conflict. We highlight the need for a gendered approach; strategies that address poverty and cultural and governance barriers; and interdisciplinary, context-specific, and autonomous child protection systems. The paper calls for urgent and increased attention to the core rights and human security needs of these children to avoid a replay of negative outcomes of conflict, where the costs and consequences propagate a cycle of violence and disadvantage.The devastation caused by war and atrocity extends beyond the battlefield and creates conditions with severe public health consequences in affected societies. The infliction of socially organized mass violence and the suppression of reporting of harms has an impact on multiple levels the individual, the familial, and the social. Ignacio Martín Baró, a Jesuit priest and social psychologist, explored the impact of psychosocial trauma while living and dying in the 1980-1992 Salvadoran civil war. His depiction of the multilevel impact of atrocity provides insight into the connection between health and human rights. Inobrodib concentration This article discusses how his analysis of the constituent parts of psychosocial trauma continues to hold relevance for understanding the legacy of historical events and points to possibilities for mitigating health harm in various contemporary contexts.Zinc (Zn) has been widely investigated as a biodegradable metal for orthopedic implants and vascular stents due to its ideal corrosion in vivo and biocompatibility. However, pure Zn lacks adequate mechanical properties for load-bearing applications. Alloying elements, such as iron (Fe), have been shown to improve the strength significantly, but at the cost of compromised ductility and corrosion rate. In this study, tungsten carbide (WC) nanoparticles were incorporated into the Zn-2Fe alloy system for strengthening, microstructure modification, and ductility enhancement. Thermally stable WC nanoparticles modified the intermetallic ζ-FeZn13 interface morphology from faceted to non-faceted. Consequently, WC nanoparticles simultaneously enhance mechanical strength and ductility while maintaining a reasonable corrosion rate. Overall, this novel Zn-Fe-WC nanocomposite could be used as biodegradable material for biomedical applications where pure Zn is inadequate. We gathered the perspectives of girls and young women affected by commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) to understand the acceptability and feasibility of mobile health (mHealth) for enhancing access and engagement in health and social services during judicial involvement. We conducted four focus groups with 14 girls and young women (ages 14 to 21) with self-identified CSE histories. Participants perceived mHealth as viable for accessing and engaging providers, and health and social services, and navigating judicial systems. Participants expressed that mHealth tools increased self-efficacy and self-navigation of required services. Recommendations to improve mHealth functionality included push-notification appointment reminders, wellness and safety promotion, enhancement of provider communication, peer-to-peer support, and access to health education and community resources. Findings provide insight for how mHealth may be leveraged to increase self-management skills, fulfill judicial obligations, and improve access and engagement in health and social services for CSE-affected girls and young women.