ease. In addition, a systematic in vitro and in vivo evaluation confirmed the HMSNs-CS-DOX@CuS platform to give highly effective synergistic chemotherapeutic-photothermal therapy and have effective thermal/photoacoustic dual-imaging properties. This work may open up a new avenue for NIR-enhanced synergistic therapy with simultaneous thermal/photoacoustic dual imaging.Cases of gnathostomiasis, an infection caused by consuming infected seafood, have been reported in Australia. However, doubt exists over the validity of these diagnoses as there are no reports of Gnathostoma spp. in Australian teleost fish. Also, the diagnoses in human cases were based on a serological test developed in Thailand. The specificity and sensitivity of this test in non-endemic areas are uncertain. Interestingly, parasites belonging to the genus Echinocephalus, which morphologically are very similar to Gnathostomum, are commonly found in Australian fish and shellfish and can potentially infect humans. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of these zoonotic nematodes within commercial fish and to characterise nematode larvae in order to provide insights into the specific identity of the potential causative agents of gnathostomiasis in Australia. Six edible fish species (n = 163) were examined. Gnathostomid-type larvae were found only in Acanthopagrus australis and Rhabdosargus sarba. Detailed examination and sequence data suggested parasite larvae belonged to the genus Echinocephalus. Further investigation of the occurrence of zoonotic nematodes within marine environments and observation of their spatial and temporal patterns will help raise awareness of the significance of this food safety issue within global fishing industries and health sectors. The accurate identification of zoonotic nematodes is a key component of disease surveillance and control. This information can also be used to develop specific and sensitive diagnostic test.In the present study, we combined morphological and phylogenetic methods to characterize Myxobolus pseudonobilis n. sp. infecting Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Valenciennes, 1844 from Chongqing, China. The morphology and molecular characteristics of M. pseudonobilis n. sp. were distinct from those of other previously described Myxobolus species. Mature myxospores were ovoid in frontal view with spore dimensions of 10.0 ± 0.4 (9.3-10.9) μm in length and 8.5 ± 0.2 (7.9-9.0) μm in width. Two polar capsules occupying approximately half of the myxospore length were unequal in size. The larger polar capsule containing 6 to 7 filament coils measured 5.2 ± 0.3 (4.5-5.8) μm in length and 3.6 ± 0.2 (3.2-3.9) μm in width, while the smaller capsule with 4 to 5 filament coils measured 3.9 ± 0.3 (3.0-4.4) μm in length and 2.5 ± 0.3 (2.1-3.6) μm in width. The comparison of molecular characteristics demonstrated similarities and genetic distances of 18S rDNA sequences of 95.19% - 98.20% and 1.82% - 5.46%, respectively, between M. pseudonobilis n. sp. and its morphologically similar species, and secondary structures were also distinctly different. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis showed that M. pseudonobilis n. sp. was clustered with other myxobolids possessing spores with a blunt anterior end and branched independently. In addition, the morphology of myxosporeans as an important indicator was discussed. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has now spread worldwide to infect over 110 million people, with approximately 2.5 million reported deaths. A safe and effective vaccine remains urgently needed. We constructed three variants of the recombinant receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein (residues 331-549) in yeast as follows (1) a "wild type" RBD (RBD219-WT), (2) a deglycosylated form (RBD219-N1) by deleting the first N-glycosylation site, and (3) a combined deglycosylated and cysteine-mutagenized form (C538A-mutated variant (RBD219-N1C1)). We compared the expression yields, biophysical characteristics, and functionality of the proteins produced from these constructs. These three recombinant RBDs showed similar secondary and tertiary structure thermal stability and had the same affinity to their receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), suggesting that the selected deletion or mutations did not cause any significant structural changes or alteration of function. However, RBD219-N1C1 had a higher fermentation yield, was easier to purify, was not hyperglycosylated, and had a lower tendency to form oligomers, and thus was selected for further vaccine development and evaluation. By genetic modification, we were able to design a better-controlled and more stable vaccine candidate, which is an essential and important criterion for any process and manufacturing of biologics or drugs for human use.By genetic modification, we were able to design a better-controlled and more stable vaccine candidate, which is an essential and important criterion for any process and manufacturing of biologics or drugs for human use.The quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is a rare congenital anomaly that typically is unrelated to other cardiac anomalies. It usually is discovered incidentally through imaging modalities such as echocardiogram or computed tomography angiogram, during surgery, or autopsy. Some patients with QAV develop aortic regurgitation and, rarely, other cardiovascular complications like aortic aneurysm. Due to its rarity, it is difficult to characterize these patients or standardize management. INCB39110 However, review of case reports can be very useful in rare medical conditions such as QAV. In this manuscript, in addition to presenting two cases of QAV, the authors reviewed 149 cases of QAV from 2010 to 2020 from published case studies and series in order to gain a better insight into the characteristics of the patient population with QAV and its management.The fused heterocyclic ring system has been recognized as a privileged structure that is used as a template in medicinal chemistry for drug discovery. Benzimidazole is one of the common scaffolds found in several natural products such as histidine, purines, and an integral part of vitamin B12. This hetero-aromatic bicyclic ring system acts as a pharmacophore in various drugs of therapeutic interest and has a broad spectrum of activity. Literature reports suggest that diversely substituted benzimidazoles possess distinct pharmacological profiles with multi-targeting potential, thereby, an indispensable anchor for the development of novel therapeutic agents against complex diseases such as cancer, malaria, inflammatory disorders, microbial diseases, hypertension, etc. Thus, lots of efforts have been diverted towards exploring the therapeutic potential of benzimidazoles. Despite great efforts made by the research community, still, some multi-factorial diseases continue to progress due to their complex pathophysiology.