Epilepsy surgery fails in>30% of patients with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). The seizure persistence after surgery can be attributed to the inability to precisely localize the tissue with an endogenous potential to generate seizures. In this study, we aimed to identify the critical components of the epileptic network that were actively involved in seizure genesis. The directed transfer function was applied to intracranial EEG recordings and the effective connectivity was determined with a high temporal and frequency resolution. Pre-ictal network properties were compared with ictal epochs to identify regions actively generating ictal activity and discriminate them from the areas of propagation. Analysis of 276 seizures from 30 patients revealed the existence of a seizure-related network reconfiguration in the gamma-band (25-170Hz; p<0.005) - ictogenic nodes. Unlike seizure onset zone, resecting the majority of ictogenic nodes correlated with favorable outcomes (p<0.012). The prerequisite to successful epilepsy surgery is the accurate identification of brain areas from which seizures arise. We show that in FCD-related epilepsy, gamma-band network markers can reliably identify and distinguish ictogenic areas in macroelectrode recordings, improve intracranial EEG interpretation and better delineate the epileptogenic zone. Ictogenic nodes localize the critical parts of the epileptogenic tissue and increase the diagnostic yield of intracranial evaluation.Ictogenic nodes localize the critical parts of the epileptogenic tissue and increase the diagnostic yield of intracranial evaluation. To systematically review how patient characteristics and/or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) parameters influence tDCS effectiveness in respect to upper limb function post-stroke. Three electronic databases were searched for sham-controlled randomised trials using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for upper extremity as outcome measure. A meta-analysis and nine subgroup-analyses were performed to identify which tDCS parameters yielded the greatest impact on upper limb function recovery in stroke patients. Eighteen high-quality studies (507 patients) were included. L-Arginine in vivo tDCS applied in a chronic stage yields greater results than tDCS applied in a (sub)acute stage. Additionally, patients with low baseline upper limb impairments seem to benefit more from tDCS than those with high baseline impairments. Regarding tDCS configuration, all stimulation types led to a significant improvement, but only tDCS applied during therapy, and not before therapy, yielded significant results. A positive dose-response relationship was identified for current/charge density and stimulation duration, but not for number of sessions. Our results demonstrate that tDCS improves upper limb function post-stroke. However, its effectiveness depends on numerous factors. Especially chronic stroke patients improved, which is promising as they are typically least amenable to recovery. The current work highlights the importance of several patient-related and protocol-related factors regarding tDCS effectiveness.The current work highlights the importance of several patient-related and protocol-related factors regarding tDCS effectiveness. Overlapping neurophysiological signals are the main obstacle preventing from using cortical auditory event-related potentials (AEPs) in clinical settings. Children AEPs are particularly affected by this problem, as their cerebral cortex is still maturing. To overcome this problem, we applied a new version of Spike-density Component Analysis (SCA), an analysis method recently developed, to isolate with high accuracy the neural components of auditory responses of 8-year-old children. Electroencephalography was used with 33 children to record AEPs to auditory stimuli varying in spectrotemporal features. Three different analysis approaches were adopted the standard AEP analysis procedure, SCA with template-match (SCA-TM), and SCA with half-split average consistency (SCA-HSAC). SCA-HSAC most successfully allowed the extraction of AEPs for each child, revealing that the most consistent components were P1 and N2. An immature N1 component was also detected. Superior accuracy in isolating neural components at the individual level was demonstrated for SCA-HSAC over other SCA approaches even for children AEPs. Reliable methods of extraction of neurophysiological signals at the individual level are crucial for the application of cortical AEPs for routine diagnostic exams in clinical settings both in children and adults.Reliable methods of extraction of neurophysiological signals at the individual level are crucial for the application of cortical AEPs for routine diagnostic exams in clinical settings both in children and adults. Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) has been shown to be efficacious in treating restless legs syndrome (RLS) symptoms in non-anemic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of FCM in treating RLS symptoms in patients who also had an iron deficiency anemia (IDA). This is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Subjects with RLS and IDA were enrolled. Subjects received an infusion of either 1500mg FCM or placebo in Phase I. The primary outcomes were a change-from-baseline at week six on the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group scale (IRLS). Phase II of the study involved long-term (52 weeks) follow-up, for those who responded to treatment in the prior phase, with the potential for further treatment if symptoms returned. We enrolled 29 RLS patients with IDA (15 FCM and 14 placebo). At week six post-infusion, FCM compared to placebo group showed significant improvement from baseline in IRLS score (-13.47±7.38 vs. 1.36±3.59). Among secondary outcome variables, quality of sleep showed significant improvement from baseline in the FCM group. 61% of subjects remained off RLS medications at the Phase II, week-52 endpoint. There were no serious adverse events observed in the study. The study showed significant efficacy and safety of FCM 1500mg treatment both in the short term (6 weeks) and long term (52 weeks) in RLS patients with IDA.The study showed significant efficacy and safety of FCM 1500 mg treatment both in the short term (6 weeks) and long term (52 weeks) in RLS patients with IDA.