The COVID-19 lockdown presented a peculiar opportunity to study a shift in the photochemical regime of ozone production in Quito (Ecuador) before and after mobility restrictions. Primary precursors such as NO and CO dropped dramatically as early as 13 March 2020, due to school closures, but ambient ozone did not change. In this work we use a chemical box model in order to estimate regimes of ozone production before and after the lockdown. We constrain the model with observations in Quito (ozone, NOx, CO, and meteorology) and with estimations of traffic-associated VOCs that are tightly linked to CO. To this end, we use the closest observational data of VOC/CO ratios at an urban area that shares with Quito conditions of high altitude and is located in the tropics, namely Mexico City. A shift in the chemical regime after mobility restrictions was evaluated in light of the magnitude of radical losses to nitric acid and to hydrogen peroxide. With reduced NOx in the morning rush hour (lockdown conditions), ozone production rates at 0830-1030 increased from 4.2-17 to 9.7-23 ppbv h-1, respectively. To test further the observed shift in chemical regime, ozone production was recalculated with post-lockdown NOx levels, but setting VOCs to pre-lockdown conditions. This change tripled ozone production rates in the mid-morning and stayed higher throughout the day. In light of these findings, practical scenarios that present the potential for ozone accumulation in the ambient air are discussed. Due to an insidious proliferative pattern, invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC) often fails to form a defined radiological or palpable lesion and accurate diagnosis remains challenging. This study aimed to determine the value of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for ILC and its impact on surgical outcomes. Consecutive symptomatic patients diagnosed with ILC in a tertiary centre over a 9-year period were reviewed. The time from diagnosis until surgery, initial type of surgery/index operation (breast-conserving surgery [BCS]/mastectomy) and the rates of reoperation (re-excision/completion mastectomy) were recorded. Patients were grouped into those who received conventional imaging and preoperative MRI (MR+) and those who received conventional imaging alone (MR-). There were 218 cases of ILC, and 32.1% (n = 70) had preoperative MRI. Time from diagnosis to surgery was longer in the MR+ than the MR- group (32.5 vs 21.1 days,  < .001) even when adjusting for age and breast density. Initial BCger, dense breast, borderline conservable) cases in symptomatic ILC.While MRI was associated with minor delays in treatment and did not reduce overall rates of margin re-excision or completion mastectomy, it altered the choice of surgical procedure in almost a quarter of MR+ cases. The benefit of preoperative breast MRI appears to be confined to select (younger, dense breast, borderline conservable) cases in symptomatic ILC. To assess the general attitude toward women's participation in research studies in Jordan and determine the various cultural and religious issues that could impact the rate of inclusion of Arab and Muslim women in research studies. A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey study was conducted among Jordanian university students using a 17-item opinion questionnaire. A total of 1265 students from different professional disciplines completed the questionnaire. The majority of the respondents (69.1%) believed that females in Jordan do not have the full autonomy to make their decision to participate in research studies. Study findings also showed that females are more likely to avoid the participation in research studies that require staying outside home or involve direct interaction between researcher and study participants. Females would prefer to deal with female research assistants when participating in research studies. More efforts are required to encourage and enhance the rate of participation in research studies among women in Jordan and, probably, other Middle Eastern societies. When designing and conducting research studies in these countries, researchers should seriously consider the cultural and religious beliefs.More efforts are required to encourage and enhance the rate of participation in research studies among women in Jordan and, probably, other Middle Eastern societies. When designing and conducting research studies in these countries, researchers should seriously consider the cultural and religious beliefs. The cornea is highly enriched in sensory neurons expressing the thermal TRP channels TRPV1, TRPA1, and TRPM8, and is an accessible tissue for study and experimental manipulation. The aim of this work was to provide a concise characterization of the expression patterns of various TRP channels and vesicular proteins in the mammalian cornea. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using wholemount and cryostat tissue preparations of mouse and monkey corneas. The expression patterns of TRPV1 and TRPA1 were determined using specific antisera, and further colocalization was performed with antibodies directed against calcitonin-related gene protein (CGRP), neurofilament protein NF200, and the secretogranins ScgII and SCG3. The expression of TRPM8 was determined using corneas from mice expressing EGFP under the direction of a TRPM8 promoter ( mice). Laser scanning confocal microscopy and image analysis were performed. In the mouse cornea, TRPV1 and TRPM8 were expressed in distinct populations of small diamet the mouse and monkey corneas suggests that mice provide a reasonable initial model for understanding the role of these ion channels in higher mammalian corneal physiology.The mouse cornea is abundant in sensory neurons expressing TRPV1, TRPM8, and TRPA1, and provides an accessible tissue source for implementing a live tissue preparation useful for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms of hyperalgesia. This study showed that surprisingly, these TRP channels localize to separate neurons in the mouse cornea and likely have unique physiological functions. selleck compound The similar TRPV1 expression pattern we observed in the mouse and monkey corneas suggests that mice provide a reasonable initial model for understanding the role of these ion channels in higher mammalian corneal physiology.