Prostate cancer is predominantly indolent at diagnosis with a small fraction (15% to 25%) representing aggressive subtype (Gleason score 7-10), which is prone to metastatic progression. It is critical to explore noninvasive assays for the early detection of this aggressive subtype, when it still can be treated effectively. Additionally, there is an emerging need to develop markers that perform equally well across races, as racial differences in the prevalence and mortality of prostate cancer has become evident. First catch, nondigital rectal examination urine specimens were collected from patients undergoing diagnostic biopsy. Total RNA was extracted from urinary exosomes and a quantitative expression assay protocol using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction was developed for detection of candidate genes in exosomal mRNAs from urine. Clinical performance for the gene expression assay was evaluated to predict high grade cancer (Gleason score 7-10) from low grade cancer (Gleason score 6) and cancer negative cases at biopsy. Assay performance was examined in combination with standard of care to determine improvement in model prediction. In a racially diverse patient cohort a 2-gene panel ( ), in combination with standard of care variables, significantly improved the prediction of high grade cancer at diagnosis compared to standard of care variables alone (AUC 0.88 vs 0.80, respectively, p=0.016). Decision curve analysis showed that there is a benefit of adopting the gene panel for detection of high grade cancer compared to standard of care alone. This study highlights the potential for developing broadly applicable prostate cancer diagnostic biomarker panels for aggressive prostate cancer using our novel gene expression assay platform.This study highlights the potential for developing broadly applicable prostate cancer diagnostic biomarker panels for aggressive prostate cancer using our novel gene expression assay platform. We sought to determine the efficacy of dried cranberry on reducing symptoms of overactive bladder in women. Eligible women aged 18 or older with overactive bladder were randomized to either daily dried cranberry powder (500 mg) or placebo (500 mg) and followed for 24 weeks. Efficacy was measured by 3-day voiding diaries and Overactive Bladder Questionnaire Short Form, Patient Perception of Bladder Condition, Sexual Quality of Life-Female and Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory surveys. Statistical analyses were performed by BIOFORTIS using SAS® software version 9.4. Of the 98 women who were randomized 77 completed all the visits and 60 were included in the per protocol analysis. Compared to placebo using per protocol analysis the cranberry group showed a significant reduction of daily micturitions (-1.91, 95% CI -3.74--0.88, p=0.0406), urgency episodes (-2.81, 95% CI -4.82--0.80, p=0.0069), and Patient Perception of Bladder Condition scores (-0.66, 95% CI -1.23-0.08, p=0.0258) at 24 weeks of followup. Mean volume per micturition, nocturia and the remaining survey outcomes did not differ significantly between the groups (p >0.05). Daily intake of dried cranberry powder reduced daily micturition by 16.4%, urgency episodes by 57.3% and patient perception of bladder condition by 39.7%. However, an intent-to-treat analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the groups for these measurements (p >0.05). Future larger studies with longer followup periods are needed to further determine the long-term effect of cranberry on overactive bladder.0.05). Future larger studies with longer followup periods are needed to further determine the long-term effect of cranberry on overactive bladder.Objectives This study aimed to analyze the relationship between sucrose and fiber intake and symptoms of depression in older people. Material and Methods The research group consisted of 813 community-dwelling subjects (221 males and 592 females, median age 75). The symptoms of depression were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Participants were divided into two subgroups according to the GDS scale. Group A 0-5 points - no symptoms of depression (612, M167, W445), and group B 6-15 points - with symptoms of depression (201, M54, W147). The level of nutrient consumption was assessed with a 24 h Recall Questionnaire and the software 'Dieta 5.0'. Results In males, consumption of sucrose (A 30 g (18.1-53.3), B 62.8 g (43.2-92.6)) (median (25%-75% quartile) and % of energy from sucrose (A 7.3% (4.8-11.9), B 13.5% (7.8-18.6)) were significantly higher in the group with symptoms of depression. Kilocalories per 1 g of fiber intake ratios were higher in depressive groups of both males (A 89.1 kcal/g (68.1-109), B 103.9 kcal/g (86.1-134.1)) and females (A 78.6 kcal/g (62.1-99.9), B 93 kcal/g (67.1-118.3)). Females without symptoms of depression consumed significantly more fiber (17.2 g (12.9-23.1)) than females with symptoms of depression (16.1 g (11.3-20)). Conclusions This analysis shows increased kilocalories per 1 g of fiber intake in patients with symptoms of depression. In males, symptoms of depression were connected with higher consumption of sucrose and higher % of energy intake from sucrose. RXC004 datasheet In females, greater fiber consumption was related to less frequent symptoms of depression. Unplanned cesarean birth is associated with high levels of patient dissatisfaction and negative birth experiences, which in turn can negatively impact birth outcomes. Previous research has demonstrated that issues of physician-patient communication, mistrust, fear of the operating room (OR), and loss of control contribute to patient dissatisfaction with unplanned cesarean birth. We hypothesized that altering the nature and structure of the informed consent prior to the surgery might improve patient satisfaction and birth experience. Specifically, we explored whether educating resident physicians in counseling skills could shift the focus of informed consent from a checklist merely informing the patient of the risks, benefits, and alternatives to a discussion that informs the physician of the patient's concerns and fears. By approaching consent in this manner, the goal of informed consent expands beyond autonomy rights to include beneficence as well. Residents received education to discuss issues of communication, fear, mistrust, and loss of control when seeking consent for an unplanned cesarean birth.