The occurrence of low back pain (LBP) in marathon runners has been poorly understood. This study aimed to describe the risk factors and identify whether these factors can cause LBP in these athletes. A self-developed questionnaire was randomly distributed to 850 runners of running a half or a full marathon. Participants responded with the questionnaire focusing on previous training and running conditions after their competitions. On the basis of the remaining 800 valid questionnaires, the incidence of LBP was 4.50% (  = 36). A total of 572 (71.5%) males and 228 (28.5%) females, with an average age range of 33.9 ± 9.0 years, came from different occupations with different physical activity characteristics. However, no significant associations between occupation and runners with LBP ( > 0.05) were found. In the final models, risk factors, including warm-up activities ( =0.012, OR = 2.617), fatigue (  = 0.008, OR = 2.680), running gait posture ( =0.041, OR = 2.273), and environmental temperature ( =0.020, OR = 6.584), were significantly associated with LBP in marathoners. Although LBP was uncommon in marathoners, it was linked to the factors such as insufficient warm-up activities, fatigue, poor running gait posture, and uncomfortable environmental temperature. Future studies need to validate these results. Nevertheless, these findings could still be useful for protecting the lower back area of runners clinically.Although LBP was uncommon in marathoners, it was linked to the factors such as insufficient warm-up activities, fatigue, poor running gait posture, and uncomfortable environmental temperature. Future studies need to validate these results. Nevertheless, these findings could still be useful for protecting the lower back area of runners clinically. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are widely present in environments, such as soil and water, and have recently been recognized as important pathogenic bacteria. The incidence of NTM-related infections is steadily increasing. As the diagnosis and treatment of NTM infection should be distinguished from tuberculosis, and the treatment should be specific to the species of NTM acquired, accurate species identification is required. In this study, two-step multiplex PCR (mPCR) and multigene sequence-based analysis were used to accurately identify NTM species in 320 clinical isolates from Gyeongsang National University Hospital (GNUH). In particular, major mycobacterial strains with a high isolation frequency as well as coinfections with multiple species were diagnosed through two-step mPCR. Multigene sequencing was performed to accurately identify other NTM species not detected by mPCR. Variable regions of the genes 16S rRNA, , , and 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer were included in the analysis. the identification of NTM species isolated from patients in Gyeongnam/Korea. Identification of patients who may become hypercapnic, or develop acidotic hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF), is important in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to avoid hospital admission and select patients for use of home NIV. This study aimed to identify factors associated with presence and development of hypercapnia. 1224 patients, 637 with COPD and 587 with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), from 4 previously established patient cohorts, were included in cross-sectional analyses of hypercapnia (PaCO  ≥ 6.5 kPa or 48.8 mmHg), focusing on phenotypic features of COPD and mortality. Longitudinal associations of rising PaCO were also assessed. A second cohort of 160 COPD patients underwent sleep studies and 1-year follow-up, analysing in a similar way, incorporating additional information from their sleep studies if appropriate. Hypercapnia was 15 times more common in usual COPD than AATD ( < 0.01) after adjustment for baseline differences by regression. find more Independent predictors of hypercapnia in COPD included FEV and current use of oxygen; these variables, together with lack of emphysema, explained 11% of variance in CO . Increasing PaCO also associated with higher risk of death ( =0.03). 44/160 patients exhibited sleep disordered breathing. The sleep study cohort also showed an association of low FEV with hypercapnia. Prior hospital admission for AHRF was also clinically significant, being a feature of almost double the number of hypercapnic patients in both test and sleep study COPD cohorts. Lower FEV and prior AHRF are the main associations of hypercapnia in COPD, which carries a poor prognosis, particularly worsening over time.Lower FEV1 and prior AHRF are the main associations of hypercapnia in COPD, which carries a poor prognosis, particularly worsening over time.Increasing evidence demonstrated that noncoding RNA is abnormally expressed in cancer tissues and serves a vital role in tumorigenesis, tumor development, and metastasis. The aim of the present study was to determine an lncRNA signature in order to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). A total of 246 patients with pathologically confirmed MIBC in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset were recruited and included in the present study. We choose patients who have smoked less (including never smoking) or more than 15 years. A total of 44 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified with a fold change larger than 1.5 and a P value 15 years was performed by using the matchIt package. Among the 44 differentially expressed lncRNAs, 5 lncRNAs were identified to be significantly associated with OS. Based on the characteristic risk scores of these 5 lncRNAs, patients were divided into low-risk and high-risk groups and exhibited significant differences in OS. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the 5-lncRNA signature was independent of age, tumor-node metastasis (TNM) staging, lymphatic node status, and adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy. In the present study, a novel 5-lncRNA signature was developed and was demonstrated to be useful in predicting the survival of patients with MIBC. If validated, this lncRNA signature may assist in the selection of a high-risk subpopulation that requires more aggressive therapeutic intervention. The risk scores involved in several associated pathways were identified using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). However, the clinical implications and mechanism of these 5 lncRNAs require further investigation.