"Reversible phosphorylation of proteins, controlled by kinases and phosphatases, is involved in various cellular processes. Dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) can dephosphorylate phosphorylated serine, threonine and tyrosine residues. This family consists of 61 members, 44 of which have been identified in human, and these 44 members are classified into six subgroups, the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein phosphatases (PTENs), mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases (MKPs), atypical DUSPs, cell division cycle 14 (CDC14) phosphatases (CDC14s), slingshot protein phosphatases (SSHs), and phosphatases of the regenerating liver (PRLs). Growing evidence has revealed dysregulation of DUSPs as one of the common phenomenons and highlighted their key roles in human cancers. Furthermore, their differential expression may be a potential biomarker for tumor prognosis. Despite this, there are still many unstudied members of DUSPs need to further explore their precise roles and mechanism in cancers. Most importantly, the systematic review is very limited on the functional/mechanistic characteristics and clinical application of DUSPs at present. In this review, the structures, functions and underlying mechanisms of DUSPs are systematically reviewed, and the molecular and functional characteristics of DUSPs in different tumor types according to the current researches are summarized. In addition, the potential roles of the unstudied members and the possible different mechanisms of DUSPs in cancer are discussed and classified based on homology alignment and structural domain analyses. Moreover, the specific characteristics of their expression and prognosis are further determined in more than 30 types of human cancers by using the online databases. Finally, their potential application in precise diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of different types of cancers, and the main possible problems for the clinical application at present are prospected.This study investigates agreement between ventilation and perfusion for lung cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Ventilation-perfusion scans of nineteen patients with stage III lung cancer from a prospective protocol were compared using voxel-wise Spearman correlation-coefficients. The presented results show in about 25% of patients, ventilation and perfusion exhibit lower agreement.Grade II gliomas are slow growing tumours that usually affect younger patients. The mainstream treatment modality at present is surgical. The role of radiation therapy in the management of grade II gliomas has been the subject of considerable debate. Varespladib has a proven potential to prolong progression free and overall survival in high-risk patients, but may also produce long-term cognitive deficits. Since grade II glioma patients are expected to live several years, retention of cognitive capacity and quality of life is an equally important endpoint as prolonging progression free survival. Our overarching goal is to critically review the available evidence on the possible neuropsychological effects of postoperative radiotherapy in adult grade II glioma patients. We performed a systematic literature search in Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases up to 1st of May 2020 for studies assessing the cognitive effects of radiation therapy on grade II glioma patients. Eleven studies meeting our inclusion criteria provide either negative or contradictory data regarding the cognitive domains affected, while major confounding variables remain incompletely addressed. The available evidence does not adequately support the notion that current radiation therapy protocols independently produce substantial cognitive decline in grade II glioma patients and therefore it would be premature to argue that radiation associated cognitive morbidity outweighs the benefit of prolonged survival. A large prospective study incorporating a full battery of neuropsychological testing, sufficiently long-term follow-up period and tight control of confounders is due to provide high quality data. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of hypofractionated schedules for metastatic bone/bone marrow lesions in children and to investigate dosimetric differences to the healthy surrounding tissues compared to conventional schedules. 27 paediatric patients (mean age, 7years) with 50 metastatic bone/bone marrow lesions (n=26 cranial, n=24 extra-cranial) from solid primary tumours (neuroblastoma and sarcoma) were included. The PTV was a 2mm expansion of the GTV. #link# A prescription dose of 36 and 54Gy EQD2 was used for neuroblastoma and sarcoma lesions, respectively. VMAT plans were optimized for each single lesion using different fractionation schedules conventional (30/20 fractions, V ≥99%, D ≤107%) and hypofractionated (15/10/5/3 fractions, V ≥ 95%, D ≤120%) Relative EQD2 differences in OARs D between the different schedules were compared. PTV coverage was met for all plans independently of the fractionation schedule and for all lesions (V range 95.5-100%, V range 95.1-100%), with exception of the vertebrae (V range 63.5-91.0%). For most OARs, relative mean reduction in the D was seen for the hypofractionated plans compared to the conventional plans, with largest sparing in the 5 fractions (< 43%) followed by the 3 fractions schedule (< 40%). In case of PTV overlap with an OAR, a significant increase in dose for the OAR was observed with hypofractionation. For the majority of the cases, iso-effective plans with hypofractionation were feasible with similar or less dose in the OARs. The most suitable fractionation schedule should be personalised depending on the spatial relationship between the PTV and OARs and the prescription dose.For the majority of the cases, iso-effective plans with hypofractionation were feasible with similar or less dose in the OARs. The most suitable fractionation schedule should be personalised depending on the spatial relationship between the PTV and OARs and the prescription dose. The optimal prognostic value of testosterone following androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is controversial. We studied the effect of serum testosterone levels on clinical outcome in localized prostate cancer (PCa) treated with ADT and high-dose radiotherapy (HRT). The DART01/05 trial randomized 355 men with intermediate and high-risk PCa to 4months of ADT plus HRT (STADT, N=178) or the same treatment followed by 24months of ADT (LTADT, N=177). This study included patients treated with LTADT who had at least 3 determinations of testosterone during ADT (N=154). Patients were stratified into 3 subgroups by testosterone level minimum <20ng/dL; median 20-49ng/dL; and maximum ≥50ng/dL. Kaplan-Meyer and Cox regression analysis were used for overall survival (OS) and Fine & Gray regression model for metastasis free survival (MFS), biochemical disease-free survival (bDFS) and time to TT recovery. There were no statistically significant differences in 10-year bDFS, MFS, or OS between the <20ng/mL and 20-49ng/dL subgroups.