The 5 studies evaluated clinical impacts with 3 RCT identifying significant clinical impacts (falls, activities of daily living and/or adverse drug reactions) and 2 STOPP/START RCT identifying significant economic impacts. The systematic review of RCT showed that explicit tools can have some effect in improving patients' safety. Further studies are warranted to better characterize their clinical and economic impact.The systematic review of RCT showed that explicit tools can have some effect in improving patients' safety. Further studies are warranted to better characterize their clinical and economic impact. This study investigates drivers of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) using a childhood ecosystem approach in South Africa. click here An ecosystem approach towardidentifying risk factors for PTB may identify targeted interventions. Data were collected as part of a prospective cohort study of children presenting at a primary care facility or tertiary hospital with possible TB. Characterization of the childhood ecosystem included proximal, medial, and distal determinants. Proximal determinants included child characteristics that could impact PTB outcomes. Medial determinants included relational factors, such as caregiver health, whichmight impact interactions with the child. Distal determinants included macro-level determinants of disease, such as socioeconomic status and food insecurity. Children who started on TB treatment were followed for up to 6 months. Multivariate regression models tested independent associations between factors associated with PTB in children. Of 1202 children enrolled, 242 (20%) of chis to bolster economic security may be an important intervention for attenuating childhood exposure to risk factors.Monozygotic (MZ) twins ("identical twins") are essentially unique to human beings. Why and how they arise is not known. This article reviews the possible different types of MZ twinning recognized in the previous article on twins and arthrogryposis. There appear to be at least three subgroups of MZ twinning spontaneous, familial, and those related to artificial reproductive technologies. Each is likely to have different etiologies and different secondary findings. Spontaneous MZ twinning may relate to "overripe ova." Amyoplasia, a specific nongenetic form of arthrogryposis, appears to occur in spontaneous MZ twinning and may be related to twin-twin transfusion.3MC syndrome is a rare condition manifesting with typical facial appearance, postnatal growth deficiency, skeletal manifestations, and genitourinary tract anomalies. 3MC is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in MASP1, COLEC11, or COLEC10. Here, we report an affected subject of Kurdish origin from Turkey presenting with facial dysmorphisms, such as, hypertelorism, blepharophimosis, blepharoptosis, highly arched eyebrows, umbilical hernia, and caudal appendage. These features were compatible with 3MC syndrome. Molecular analysis revealed a novel homozygous pathogenic variant, c.310C > T; p.Gln104Ter in the MASP1 gene, resulting in a premature stop codon. Few subjects with 3MC syndrome have been reported in the literature so far. Thus, detailed study of this subject contributes to the evolving clinical and genetic characterization of 3MC syndrome.Hippocampal subfield volume loss in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and depression history are associated with amyloid beta and tau pathology, thereby increasing the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, no studies have exclusively examined distinct alterations in hippocampal subfields in non-amnestic MCI (naMCI) in relation to depression history. Here, we used both longitudinal and transverse hippocampal segmentation methods using the automated Freesurfer software to examine whether a lifetime depression history is associated with differences in hippocampal head/body/tail (H/B/T) and key subfield volumes (CA1, subiculum, dentate gyrus) in older adults with naMCI. Further, we explored whether differences in hippocampal H/B/T and subfield volumes were associated with structured and unstructured verbal encoding and retention, comparing those with and without a depression history. The naMCI with a depression history group demonstrated larger or relatively preserved right CA1 volumes, which were associated with better unstructured verbal encoding and as well as structured verbal memory retention. This association between memory encoding and hippocampal CA1 and total head volume was significantly different to those with no depression history. The relationship between right CA1 volume and memory retention was also moderated by depression history status F (5,143)=7.84, p less then 0.001, R2 = 0.22. Those participants taking antidepressants had significantly larger hippocampal subiculum (p= 0.008), and right hippocampal body (p=0.004) and better performance on structured encoding (p=0.011) and unstructured memory retention (p=0.009). These findings highlight the importance of lifetime depression history and antidepressant use on the hippocampus and encoding and memory retention in naMCI.Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life-saving therapy utilized for patients with severe life-threatening cardiorespiratory failure. Patients treated with ECMO are among the most severely ill encountered in critical care and are at high-risk of developing multiple organ dysfunction, including acute kidney injury (AKI) and fluid overload. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is increasingly utilized inpatients on ECMO to manage AKI and treat fluid overload. The indications for renal replacement therapy for patients on ECMO are similar to those of other critically ill populations; however, there is wide practice variation in how renal supportive therapies are utilized during ECMO. For patients requiring both CRRT and ECMO, CRRT may be connected directly to the ECMO circuit, or CRRT and ECMO may be performed independently. This review will summarize current knowledge of the epidemiology of AKI, indications and timing of CRRT, delivery of CRRT, and the outcomes of patients requiring CRRT with ECMO.