Generalized periodic discharges with triphasic wave (TW) morphology, long referred to as TWs, are typical of many toxic, metabolic, infectious, and cerebral structural problems, often in concert. Identifying TWs has been challenging for the electroencephalographer and clinician, as has been their cause, significance, prognosis, and treatment. This review highlights the many different patterns of TWs with commentary on their various causes and etiologies, characteristics, different morbidities, differentiation from nonconvulsive status epilepticus, and their prognosis. The articles in this Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology special issue on TWs will review the many challenges the clinician face when TWs are sighted.Generalized periodic discharges with triphasic wave (TW) morphology, long referred to as TWs, are typical of many toxic, metabolic, infectious, and cerebral structural problems, often in concert. Identifying TWs has been challenging for the electroencephalographer and clinician, as has been their cause, significance, prognosis, and treatment. This review highlights the many different patterns of TWs with commentary on their various causes and etiologies, characteristics, different morbidities, differentiation from nonconvulsive status epilepticus, and their prognosis. The articles in this Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology special issue on TWs will review the many challenges the clinician face when TWs are sighted. We modified the original technique for percutaneous transphyseal screw which was described in 1998 by Metaizeau and colleagues for distal femoral coronal angular deformity correction; the modification is related to the screw direction, whereas the screw is administered in a retrograde pattern, starting from the epiphysis and directed toward the metaphysis. This technique opposes the original technique that was started with a metaphyseal entry point which aimed toward the epiphysis. This study evaluates the efficacy of the newly suggested surgical technique regarding the rate of correction and growth resumption after screw removal. This prospective study looked at 40 patients (65 distal femoral physes), who underwent a percutaneous retrograde transphyseal guided growth screw procedure, from October 2017 to September 2019. All the patients included had distal femoral coronal angular deformities; 52 in valgus and 13 in varus deformities. The study included 17 females with an average age of 11.75 (range 8.4 tnd progressed in 4 physes with an average of 1.6 degrees (range 1 to 2 degrees). Complications were minor and related to entrapment of soft tissue under the screw washer. Percutaneous retrograde transphyseal guided growth screw for distal femur coronal angular deformity is a minimally invasive procedure, with a statistically significant correction rate when compared with the original transphyseal screw technique. The new technique has proven to have growth resumption after screw removal with minimal complication risk. Level III-prospective observational study.Level III-prospective observational study. Intratracheal steroid therapy for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) remains challenging particularly in surfactant-insufficient lungs, a common problem of neonatal or pediatric ALI. Surfactant has been used as a vehicle for intratracheal steroid in the treatment of other types of ALI. This study investigated the efficacy of intratracheal budesonide (BUD) delivered by two concentrations of surfactant in the treatment of LPS-induced ALI in surfactant-insufficient rat lungs. Male adult rats were anesthetized and ventilated. Picrotoxin mw Our ALI model was established by repeated saline lavage to produce surfactant insufficiency, followed by intratracheal LPS instillation. Five study groups (n=5 for each) with different intratracheal treatments following ALI were used Control (no treatment), BUD (NS-BUD; BUD in saline); DS-BUD (BUD in diluted surfactant); FS-BUD (BUD in full-strength surfactant); FS (full-strength surfactant). Cardiopulmonary variables were monitored 4 h post injury. Histological and immunohistochemical assessments of the lungs were performed. The FS-BUD and FS groups presented better gas exchange, less metabolic acidosis, less oxygen index, and more stable hemodynamic changes than the DS-BUD, NS-BUD, and Control groups. The total lung injury scores assessed by histological examination were ordered as follows FS-BUD < DS-BUD or FS < NS-BUD < Control. The immunostaining intensities of lung myeloperoxidase showed the following order NS-BUD, DS-BUD, or FS-BUD < Control or FS. Only the FS-BUD group displayed a smaller immunostaining intensity of lung TNF-α than the control group. Among our therapeutic strategies, intratracheal BUD delivered by full-strength surfactant confers an optimal protection against LPS-induced ALI in surfactant-insufficient rat lungs.Among our therapeutic strategies, intratracheal BUD delivered by full-strength surfactant confers an optimal protection against LPS-induced ALI in surfactant-insufficient rat lungs. The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of academic nurse educator doctoral degree preparation on National League for Nursing (NLN) core competency skill acquisition. Doctor of nursing practice (DNP) and doctor of philosophy (PhD) graduates frequently seek faculty positions, yet neither degree exclusively prepares graduates for careers in academia. A descriptive, correlational design was utilized to examine the influence of doctoral degree preparation on NLN core competency skill acquisition. A randomized, nationwide sample (N = 160) of full-time nurse educators teaching in American Association of Colleges of Nursing member schools across the United States completed the Nurse Educator Skill Acquisition Assessment. PhD-prepared educators reported higher NLN core competency skill acquisition scores than DNP-prepared nurse educators. There were statistically significant differences in overall skill acquisition scores between DNP- and PhD-prepared nurse educators and for the "use assessment and evaluation" and "engage in scholarship" domains. These findings provide opportunities for NLN core competency skill acquisition among DNP- and PhD-prepared faculty.These findings provide opportunities for NLN core competency skill acquisition among DNP- and PhD-prepared faculty.