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Although amplification of the gene encoding human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is used as an indicator for response to trastuzumab, the reported response rate is low, and few patients with gastric cancer (GC) benefit from this individualized therapy. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein (HER2), in GC samples, using two commercial immunohistochemical (IHC) antibodies, and to validate the results by checking 2 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). We assessed the IHC expression of HER2 using the polyclonal antibody from Dako and CB11 clone from Leica, in 93 consecutive cases of GC samples. In all of the cases, FISH analysis was also performed using the BOND-MAX platform. No significant difference was observed between the two HER2 antibodies. Of the 93 cases, 22.58% demonstrated at least focal and 1+ HER2 positivity. Seven cases (7.53%) exhibited 3+ expression, and another 7 carcinomas (7.53%) were equivocal (2+). 2 amplification was seen in 11 cases (11.83%), 10 of which were differentiated adenocarcinomas. In 5 of the cases, 2-5 sections were examined, which proved the extremely high intratumorally/intraglandular heterogeneity. FUT-175 ic50 FISH heterogeneity was higher in cases with only 2+ positivity on IHC assessment, compared with those showing at least one small focus of 3+ overexpression. 2 amplification proved to be an independent negative prognostic factor. Due to the highly heterogeneous aspect of GC, at least 3-4 slides should be assessed by IHC, before considering a tumor to be HER2-negative. In cases with small 3+ foci representing less than 5% of tumor and in equivocal (2+) cases, FISH analysis remains the gold standard method.Due to the highly heterogeneous aspect of GC, at least 3-4 slides should be assessed by IHC, before considering a tumor to be HER2-negative. In cases with small 3+ foci representing less than 5% of tumor and in equivocal (2+) cases, FISH analysis remains the gold standard method. Accurate staging of patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is crucial for clinical decision. Full cognition of pathologic changes and staging TAO using conventional T2-weighted imaging is still limited. To investigate the feasibility of using T1 mapping to evaluate changes of extraocular muscles (EOMs) in TAO patients, as well as to compare T1 mapping and conventional T2-weighted imaging in staging TAO. Forty TAO patients were retrospectively enrolled. "Hot spot" and "cold spot" T1 relaxation times (T1RT and T1RT ) of EOMs, as well as conventionally applied highest signal intensity ratio (SIR) of EOMs, were measured and compared between active and inactive groups. T1RT and SIR were significantly higher in active TAOs than in the inactive ones ( < 0.001), while T1RT was not ( =0.093). Meanwhile, T1RT and SIR were positively correlated with clinical activity score ( = 0.489, 0.540; < 0.001). TIRT and SIR showed no significant area under curve for staging TAO (0.830 vs. 0.852; =0.748). T1RT ≥ 1000 alone showed optimal staging specificity (90.0%), while integration of T1RT ≥ 1000 and SIR ≥ 2.9 demonstrated optimal staging efficiency and sensitivity (area under curve, 0.900; sensitivity, 86.0%). Our findings suggest that the T1-mapping technique holds the potency to be utilized in TAO. The derived T1RT of EOMs, which may be associated with fat infiltration, could be a useful biomarker to stage the disease, serving added efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity to single usage of conventional SIR.Our findings suggest that the T1-mapping technique holds the potency to be utilized in TAO. The derived T1RTCS of EOMs, which may be associated with fat infiltration, could be a useful biomarker to stage the disease, serving added efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity to single usage of conventional SIR. This study was conducted on asymptomatic healthy individuals who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for the purpose of GC screening. Patients who were diagnosed with GC between October 2003 and December 2013 at Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center were identified. Demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics were compared between the groups with and without FHx of GC. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were assessed as primary outcomes. There were no significant differences in tumor characteristics according to FHx of GC. However, preexisting adenoma was more frequent in patients with FHx than in those without FHx (14.5% vs. 6.3%, = 0.035). The proportion of patients with microsatellite instability (MSI) was also higher in groups with FHx of GC (43.2% vs. 13.2%, = 0.006). infection rates of patients with FHx of GC tended to be higher although not significant (70.5% vs. 61.3%, = 0.188). However, OS and RFS at 5 years of the GC patients with FHx were not significantly different from those of patients without FHx. Preexisting adenoma and GC with MSI are more common in patients with FHx of GC than in those without. There were no significant differences in the survival rate according to FHx.Preexisting adenoma and GC with MSI are more common in patients with FHx of GC than in those without. There were no significant differences in the survival rate according to FHx.Depression and pain disorders share a high degree of comorbidity. Inflammatory mechanisms play an important role in the pathogenesis of depression-chronic somatic pain comorbidity. In this study, we investigated the effects of acupuncture on blood and brain regional tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in rats with depression and chronic somatic pain comorbidity. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following 4 groups with 10 each control, model, model treated with transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), and model treated with electroacupuncture (EA). Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) with chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI) was used to produce depression and chronic somatic pain comorbidity in the latter 3 groups. The rats of the taVNS and EA groups received, respectively, taVNS and EA at ST 36 for 28 days. Pain intensity was measured using a mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal stimulation latency once biweekly. Depressive behavior was examined using a sucrose preference test at baseline and the end of modeling and intervention.