Cultural immersion as a learning activity provides students with the opportunity to experience diversity and develop cultural safety. Both, 'Study Abroad Programs' and 'Internationalisation at Home' (IaH) aim to provide a cultural immersion experience for students. However, explicit learning objectives are essential for quality pedagogy and for students to develop cultural safety from their learning experience. To identify the learning objectives of study abroad and Internationalisation at Home (IaH) programs in higher education health profession programs. A scoping review was undertaken according to recommendations by the Joanna Briggs Institute (Peters et al., 2020) and PRISMA guidelines. The electronic databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsychINFO and PubMed and were searched in November 2019 and updated September 2020. The search was limited to qualitative studies, text and opinion pieces, English language, published between 2015 and 2019. Inclusion criteria using the participants, concept, and context (f cultural immersion programs.Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a vector-borne pathogen that can cause serious neurological symptoms in humans. Across large parts of Eurasia TBEV is found in three traditional subtypes the European, the Siberian and the Far-eastern subtype. Small mammalian animals play an important role in the transmission cycle as they enable the spread of TBEV among the vector tick population. To assess the impact of TBEV infection on its natural hosts, outbred bank voles (Myodes glareolus) were inoculated with one out of four European TBEV strains. Three of these TBEV strains were recently isolated in Germany. The forth one was the TBEV reference strain Neudörfl. Sampling points at 7, 14, 28, and 56 days post inoculation allowed the characterization of the course of infection. At each time point, six animals per strain were euthanized and eleven organ samples (brain, spine, lung, heart, small and large intestine, liver, spleen, kidney, bladder, sexual organ) as well as whole blood and serum samples were collected.nsmission cycle and appears to be highly adapted to circulating TBEV strains.Lung cancer is one of the common malignant tumors that threaten human life with serious incidence and high mortality. According to the histopathological characteristics, lung cancer is mainly divided into non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). CQ211 NSCLC accounts for about 80-85% of lung cancers. In fact, lung cancer metastasis is a major cause of treatment failure in clinical patients. The underlying reason is that the mechanisms of lung cancer metastasis are still not fully understood. The metastasis of lung cancer cells is controlled by many factors, including the interaction of various components in the lung cancer microenvironment, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transformation, and metastasis of cancer cells through blood vessels and lymphatics. The molecular relationships are even more intricate. Further study on the mechanisms of lung cancer metastasis and in search of effective therapeutic targets can bring more reference directions for clinical drug research and development. This paper focuses on the factors affecting lung cancer metastasis and connects with related molecular mechanisms of the lung cancer metastasis and mechanisms of lung cancer to specific organs, which mainly reviews the latest research progress of NSCLC metastasis. Besides, in this paper, experimental models of lung cancer and metastasis, mechanisms in SCLC transfer and the challenges about clinical management of lung cancer are also discussed. The review is intended to provide reference value for the future research in this field and promising treatment clues for clinical patients.Throughout life, mechanisms such as damage and inflammation can alter the permeability of the blood-brain barrier(BBB). According to some studies, increasing the permeability of the blood-brain barrier can occur in a time-dependent manner following restraint stress. On the other hand, there have been reports of increased N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) -Ab seroprevalence in chronic stress conditions. The presence of antibody-secreting cells / memory B cells in the intrathecal area of the brain and their redistribution under various environmental stresses, which can be independent of the BBB status, are other points in this area that can emphasize the role of environmental stress in Anti NMDAR encephalitis. Disease-modifying treatment (DMT) selection for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) is challenging. Neurologists and advanced practice nurses (APNs) in MS care may be facing knowledge and confidence gaps when screening patients to initiate or switch between DMTs, assessing the safety of new DMTs and monitoring for adverse events. Healthcare providers are required to demonstrate enhanced patient communication skills, to share treatment decisions and assess treatment adherence. To better inform educational interventions, there is a need to better understand these challenges and uncover their causalities. We undertook an international study across seven countries to identify challenges for neurologists and APNs that may impact DMT choices and optimum care for people with MS (pwMS). This mixed methods study involved two concurrent data collection phases, a qualitative phase with semi-structured interviews and a quantitative phase using an online survey. Neurologists (n=333) and APNs (n=135) were recruited frorofessionals. These should be addressed through focused education and training to optimize care for pwMS.Fernando de Noronha Archipelago is highly vulnerable to microplastic pollution, which has been previously reported with snapshot samplings on the site. The present study has performed daily beach sediment samplings on the archipelago, aiming to assess the distribution, characteristics and short-term variability of microplastics (1-5 mm), expressing concentrations in three different units. The concentrations ranged from 0.6 ± 2.5 particles/m2 to 1059.3 ± 1385.6 particles/m2 and showed a large spatial and temporal small-scale variability. The results indicate that microplastic contamination is recurrent in Fernando de Noronha and the distribution of these particles is associated with a combination of various physical processes. A wider comparison with results obtained in beaches worldwide was possible using different units of concentration, but standard methods for sampling and analysis of microplastics is needed to better understanding of large-scale spatial and temporal variability.