17-49.62 for each 103 L of media mainly due to NaNO3, KNO3, and cyanocobalamin supplementation. Thus, biomass production showed a cost variation of US$4.64-301.61 per kg on a dry weight basis. These outcomes emphasize the suitability of laboratory parameters and cost comparison among biomass produced by different media.Saponin was extracted from Acanthophyllum glandulosum root under subcritical water conditions, and effects of root powder and pH of the solution were evaluated on the concentration of the saponin as manifested in its foamability and antioxidant activity using RSM. FT-IR analysis indicated that A. glandulosum root extract had 2 main functional groups (hydroxyl and amide I groups). Saponin with the highest foam height (4.66 cm), concentration (0.080 ppm) and antioxidant activity (90.6 %) was extracted using 10 g of the root powder and pH value of 4. Non-significant differences were observed between the predicted and experimental values of the extraction response variables. The study demonstrated good appropriateness of resulted models by Response Surface Methodology. Furthermore, higher values of R2 was attained for the foamability (>0.81) and antioxidant activity (>0.97), as well as large p-values (p > 0.05) indication of their lack-of-fit response verified the acceptable fitness of the provided models. The extracted saponin also showed bactericidal effect, which shows potential as a natural antibacterial compound.There has been an influx of technology for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography analyses in recent years, calling for development of guided workflows and rigorous reporting of processes. Selleck Ac-FLTD-CMK This research focuses on the processing method for data collected on a dual channel detection system using flame ionization detection (FID) and quadrupole mass spectrometry (qMS) for the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The samples analyzed were kava (Piper methysticum), which has a rich VOC profile that benefits substantially from a multidimensional approach due to enhanced peak capacity. The procedure which was customized here was the data processing workflow from a manual single-sample analysis to an integrated batch workflow that can be applied across studies.•Parameter choice for baseline correction and peak detection were defined when handling batch data.•Elution regions were defined using qMS data to automate compound identification.•Stencils were transformed onto FID data and sequenced for quantitative information.This dataset can be used as a training tool, as all details, methods and results for the workflow have been provided for users to compare with. The focus on data workflow reproducibility in the field of multidimensional chromatography will assist in adoption by users in new application areas.The proposed method supports the determination of severity (S), occurrence (O), and detection (D) indices of Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA). Previously evaluated and previously not studied risks are compared in pairwise comparison. The analysis of the resulted pairwise comparison matrix provides information about the consistency of the risk evaluations and allows the estimation of the indices of the previously not evaluated risks. The advantages of the method include•The pairwise comparison facilities the identification of risks that are otherwise difficult to evaluate•The inconsistency of existing FMEA studies can be highlighted and systematically reduced•The method can be generalized about a wide range of grading problems.Detection of low-frequency cells using flow cytometry is challenging, as the sensitivity of the analysis is dependent on the signal-to-noise ratio, and a cell frequency of 1 in 10,000 cells is accepted as the lower limit of detection for standard flow cytometry. A solution to this problem is to pre-enrich rare cell populations using magnetic-bead conjugated antibodies targeting lineage or activation markers. For measuring vaccine or pathogen induced immune responses, this method drastically increases the signal-to-noise ratio by enriching only activated (i.e., antigen-specific) cells and excluding all other peripheral blood leukocytes from the subsequent analysis. To date, magnetic enrichment of antigen-specific cells has only been described for CD4+ T cells processed for surface staining. The current study significantly expands the methodology to allow detection of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and analysis of cells that had been processed for intracellular staining.•The protocol described here allows magnetic enrichment of PBMCs after fixation and intracellular staining steps without increasing the non-specific background.•The protocol is adapted to automated enrichment-mode on flow cytometers.•The procedure boosts the sensitivity of the flow cytometry analysis by significantly increasing the sample size of functional antigen-specific cells without skewing the composition of the functional cells pool.Life cycle assessments (LCAs) follow the ISO 14040 standard and consist of the following steps 1) goal and scope definition, 2) life cycle inventory analysis, 3) life cycle impact assessment, and 4) interpretation. Prior literature reviews of wastewater treatment and water reuse LCAs have evaluated the methods implemented within these assessments. In lieu of manually tabulating the characteristic features of LCAs, Data Mining LCAs provides a method to facilitate the extraction of key characteristics. The process consists of the following•Each journal article is converted to a text file and read in Python.•Search terms are defined for each characteristic of the LCA to be extracted.•By employing Python's regular expressions operations and the natural language toolkit (NLTK), the functional unit, life cycle impact characterization method, and the location of each case study are identified.The single and double flat jack tests have been successfully applied for the first time in cob walls. This technique has been used for over 40 years in the field of cultural heritage conservation to investigate the levels of stress in different masonry and earthen wall typologies and to determine their mechanical properties [1]. Two standards [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7] have been developed for the application of the technique in masonry walls and this paper presents the adaptation of those methods for its application in cob walls.•The control points have been pinned to the material instead of glued to the surface which has facilitated its installation and speed the process.•A timber frame has been fabricated, to which the cutting device has been supported and strapped, to facilitate the cutting of the slot thus obtaining a better-quality cut and a safety increase for the ring saw operator.•The connection of the hydraulics system has been slightly modified by connecting the pressure transducer next to the flat jack's inlet, instead of just after the pump, thus avoiding the recording of pressure peaks while manually pumping the oil.