k endometrial carcinoma is associated with worse outcomes. Complete surgical staging and accurate pathological diagnosis are critical for patients with serous carcinoma even at the early clinical stage.Misdiagnosis of endocervical adenocarcinoma (EAC) as endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (EEC) is one of the major concerns when evaluating endometrial curettage specimens. It is difficult to differentiate EAC involving the endometrium from EEC, particularly when the specimens have only a few small tumor fragments. We report a case of endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) with multifocal microscopic involvement of the endometrium. The endometrial curettage specimen obtained from an 82-year-old woman consisted of a large volume of blood and fibrin, with small endometrial tissue fragments showing microscopic foci of atypical glandular proliferation. Based on the presence of complex glands with stratified mucin-poor columnar epithelium and intermediate-grade nuclear atypia, a preoperative diagnosis of grade 1 EEC was made. However, the hysterectomy specimen revealed an endocervical AIS involving the endocervix and low uterine segment. Frequent mitotic figures and apoptotic bodies, characteristic of AIS, were anagement.Gamma-delta (γδ) T-cell lymphomas are very rare and aggressive neoplasms. We describe here a challenging case of γδ T-cell neoplasm composed of γδ mature T-cells and γδ precursor T-cells with marked eosinophilia that is inapplicable to the current 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification. A 3-year-old female child who was presented with fever and marked leukocytosis. Peripheral blood smear showed marked lymphocytosis, marked eosinophilia, neutrophilia, monocytosis, and 5% circulating blasts. CT scan showed anterior mediastinal mass, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. The patient underwent a bone marrow examination and a biopsy taken from the mediastinal mass. Peripheral blood and bone marrow findings were consistent with a γδ T-cell neoplasm with increased blasts and eosinophilia. The patient was sequentially treated with imatinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor), acute lymphoblastic leukemia protocol (BFM 2009) then shifted to lymphoma protocol (LMP 96). In conclusion, we report a unique rare case of γδ T-cell neoplasm with a combination of mature and immature γδ T-cells and eosinophilia that is inapplicable to the current 2016 WHO classifications. This case raises a challenging concept of a mature T-cell lymphoma arising in an immature T-cell neoplasm. It also highlights the need to target all neoplastic components to eradicate the disease.A huge abdominal cystic lesion with ascites was detected in a male neonate at 31 weeks of gestation. Increasing ascites and the appearance of subcutaneous edema were detected, which caused fetal hydrops. The patient was delivered by emergency cesarean section at 33 weeks of gestation. The birth weight was 2,407 g, and the Apgar score was 8/9 points (1-/5-min values). Breathing at birth was stable, but the patient presented with remarkable abdominal distention due to the ascites. Later, the patient presented with tachypnea, and breathing gradually worsened, so an emergency operation was performed. There were no intraoperative findings within the small intestine, but there was a large amount of ascites and a cystic mass arising from the liver. The patient's breathing and circulation dynamics could only be stabilized by ascites removal, so only a tumor biopsy was performed. The pathological findings led to the diagnosis of an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, and steroids were administered early after surgery for the purpose of an anti-inflammatory effect and tumor shrinkage. The abdominal distention was alleviated, and blood examinations showed a reduced inflammatory response. There was no apparent shrinkage of the tumor, however; thus, radical surgical treatment was performed on day 24. The postoperative course was uneventful, so the patient was discharged on day 36. Seven years after the operation there has been no recurrence or distant metastasis.A standard chemotherapy regimen for advanced thymic carcinoma has not yet been established. We treated 2 cases of thymic carcinoma with carboplatin plus nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel, and nab-paclitaxel maintenance therapy. The first case was a 68-year-old female, admitted for dyspnea and left shoulder pain. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed a huge mass in the anterior mediastinum, pleural and pericardial effusions, and multiple lung metastases. Specimens obtained from the anterior mediastinal mass by CT-guided needle biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma of the thymus, which was in stage IVB. The patient was administered carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel as first-line treatment. After 3 cycles of chemotherapy, a partial response was observed with marked shrinkage of the tumor. Following 6 cycles of chemotherapy, nab-paclitaxel maintenance therapy was initiated. Disease progression was seen 9.1 months after initiation of treatment. The patient experienced no serious adverse events. The second case was a 70-year-old male who had productive cough, dyspnea, and right-sided chest pain. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/jh-re-06.html Chest CT revealed a huge mass in the anterior mediastinum, pericardial effusion, and multiple lymphadenopathies. Specimens obtained from station 11s by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration revealed undifferentiated thymic carcinoma, which was in stage IVB. Six cycles of carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel were administered, followed by 5 cycles of nab-paclitaxel for maintenance. A partial response was seen, which was sustained for more than 13 months. The patient experienced no serious adverse events. These cases show that chemotherapy with carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel and nab-paclitaxel as maintenance therapy can be a useful regimen for advanced thymic carcinoma.Ureteral stent encrustation is sometimes encountered, especially in cases in which a ureteral stent has been forgotten. An 84-year-old female patient with malignant myeloma underwent metallic ureteral stent insertion to treat malignant ureteral obstruction. At the time of scheduled ureteral stent exchange, the stent was heavily encrusted and could not be removed on either side. We performed endoscopic lithotripsy to remove the encrusted ureteral stents. The bilaterally encrusted metallic ureteral stents were successfully removed using HoYAG laser lithotripsy after inserting another ureteral stent placement besides the encrusted metallic ureteral stents.