The oxidative stress status and changes of chicken ovary tissue after shading were studied, to determine the mechanism of the effect of shading on follicular development. Twenty healthy laying hens (40 weeks old) with uniform body weight and the same laying rate were randomly divided into two groups (the shading group and normal light group). In the shading group, the cage was covered to reduce the light intensity inside the cage to 0 without affecting ventilation or food intake. The normal lighting group received no additional treatment. After 7 days of shading, oxidative stress related indicators and gene expression were detected. Analysis of paraffin and ultrathin sections showed that apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells increased significantly after light shading. ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) results revealed that the levels of T-AOC (total antioxidant capacity), MDA (malondialdehyde), SOD (superoxide dismutase), GSH (glutathione), CAT (catalase) and other substances in the sera, livers a serious inhibitory effect on follicular development during reproduction in laying hens. To compare and identify risk factors for distal adding on (AO) or distal junctional kyphosis (DJK) in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) treated by anterior- (ASF) and posterior spinal fusion (PSF) to L3. AIS patients undergoing ASF vs. PSF to L3 from 2000-2010 were analyzed. ENOblock cell line Distal AO and DJK were deemed poor radiographic results. New stable (SV) and neutral vertebra (NV) scores were defined for this study. The total stability (TS) score was the sum of the SV and NV scores. 20 of 42 (ASF group 47.6%) and 8 of 72 (PSF group 11.1%) patients showed the poor radiographic outcome. Fused vertebrae, correction rate of main curve, coronal reduction rate of L3 were significantly higher in PSF group. Multiple logistic regression results indicated that preoperative SV-3 at L3 in standing and side benders (odd ratio = 2.7 and 3.7, respectively), total stability score -5, -6 at L3 (odd ratio = 4.9), rigid disc at L3-4 (odd ratio = 3.7), LIV rotation > 15° (odd ratio = 3.3), LIV deviation >2 cm from CSVL (odd ratio = 3.1) and ASF (odd ratio = 13.4, P<0.001) were independent predictive factors. There was significant improvement of the of SRS-22 average scores only in PSF group. Furthermore, the ultimate scores of PSF group were significantly superior to ASF groups. The prevalence of AO or DJK at ultimate follow-up for AIS with LIV at L3 was significantly higher in ASF group. Ultimate SRS-22 scores were significantly better in PSF group.The prevalence of AO or DJK at ultimate follow-up for AIS with LIV at L3 was significantly higher in ASF group. Ultimate SRS-22 scores were significantly better in PSF group. The purpose of the study was to validate the Korean version of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 29 Profile V2.1 (K-PROMIS-29 V2.1) among cancer survivors. Participants were recruited from outpatient clinics of the Comprehensive Cancer Center at the Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, South Korea, from September to October 2018. Participants completed a survey questionnaire that included the K-PROMIS-29 V2.1 and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality Of Life Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30). Principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (Principal Component Analysis, confirmatory factor analysis) and Pearson's correlations were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the K-PROMIS-29 V2.1. The mean age of the study participants was 54.4 years, the mean time since diagnosis was 1.2 (± 2.4) years, and 349 (87.3%) completed the entire questionnaire. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the seven domains in the K-PROMIS-29 V2.1 ranged from 0.81 to 0.96, indicating satisfactory internal consistency. In the CFA, the goodness-of-fit indices for the K-PROMIS-29 V2.1 were high (comparative fit index, 0.91 and standardized root-mean-squared residual, 0.06). High to moderate correlations were found between comparable subscales of the K-PROMIS-29 V2.1 and subscales of the EORTC QLQ-C30 (r=0.52-0.73). The K-PROMIS-29 V2.1 is a reliable and valid measure for assessing the health-related quality of life domains in a cancer population, thus supporting their use in studies and oncology trials.The K-PROMIS-29 V2.1 is a reliable and valid measure for assessing the health-related quality of life domains in a cancer population, thus supporting their use in studies and oncology trials. This study aimed to confirm the decision-making patterns for life-sustaining treatment and analyze medical service utilization changes after enforcement of the Life-Sustaining Treatment Decision-Making Act. Of 1,237 patients who completed legal forms for life-sustaining treatment (hereafter called the life-sustaining treatment [LST] form) at three academic hospitals and died at the same institutions, 1,018 cancer patients were included. Medical service utilization and costs were analyzed using claims data. The median time to death from completion of the LST form was three days (range, 0 to 248 days). Of these, 517 people died within two days of completing the document, and 36.1% of all patients prepared the LST form themselves. The frequency of use of the intensive care unit, continuous renal replacement therapy, and mechanical ventilation was significantly higher when the families filled out the form without knowing the patient's intention. In the top 10% of the medical expense groups, the decision-makers for LST were family members rather than patients (28% patients vs. 32% family members who knew and 40% family members who did not know the patient's intention). The cancer patient's own decision-making rather than the family's decision was associated with earlier decision-making, less use of some critical treatments (except chemotherapy) and expensive evaluations, and a trend toward lower medical costs.The cancer patient's own decision-making rather than the family's decision was associated with earlier decision-making, less use of some critical treatments (except chemotherapy) and expensive evaluations, and a trend toward lower medical costs.