to the control group, the isolated use of low-intensity therapy laser and its combined use with topical vitamin C showed the most favorable results, indicating that those could be further used for the treatment of skin wounds.The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing every year, along with its health and economic burden/impact. Achieving glycemic control remains challenging, and only 9-15% of diabetic patients manage to reach the optimal level. A few strategies have been found to improve diabetic control, including self-management care (SMC). This study aimed to explore the relationship between patient characteristics, SMC, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, as an indicator of optimal glycemic control. This was a cross-sectional study of 200 participants conducted at the King Fahd University Hospital (KFUH) in Saudi Arabia. A pre-structured questionnaire including sociodemographic data and aspects of diabetes self-management was distributed among patients at KFUH and the Family and Community Medicine Center (FAMCO) of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. HbA1c data were extracted from patients' records. Unfortunately, the majority of the participants (65%) were found to have poor glycemic control. Glucose management was better in patients having T2DM for more than five years (mean 4.01; p less then 0.05). In addition, an income of less than 5,000 Saudi Riyals (SR) was associated with lower physical activity (mean 2.95; p less then 0.05). The level of blood sugar was uncontrolled among the majority of surveyed patients. Our study found variables associated with SMC and HbA1c levels, which might help to guide future initiatives aiming to enhance the care of patients with T2DM. Worldwide cesarean birth had increased over the past three decades and in the USA, the overall rate of cesarean birth has increased from 23.8% in 1989 to 31.9% in 2018. Moreover, the substantial increase of preterm infants delivered bycesarean section had reached anywhere from 45% to 72% for gestational age <33 weeks. There is a considerable debate on whether cesarean section confers a survival advantage for preterm infants. Published data on the relationship between mode of delivery and survival rate were inconsistent and there is a lack of large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have investigated this important clinical concern. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of cesarean section on the survival rate of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. This was a retrospective cohort study of ≤32 weeks VLBW infants born alive and admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at King Abdulaziz Medical City-Jeddah (KAMC-Jeddah) between January 1, 1994, and December 31, 2019. The primoreover, VLBW infants ≤26 weeks gestational age delivered by cesarean section had a higher survival rate of 69.15% vs 44.5%, P<0.001. This study demonstrates that cesarean birth is associated with higher survival for VLBW infants with birth weight ≤800 g and ELBW infants and gestational age ≤26 weeks compared to vaginal birth.This study demonstrates that cesarean birth is associated with higher survival for VLBW infants with birth weight ≤800 g and ELBW infants and gestational age ≤26 weeks compared to vaginal birth.Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), or hemophagocytic syndrome (HS) is a severe syndrome involving an extreme participation of the immune system, resulting in a cascade of cytokines, hyperinflammation and extensive hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow (BM) and affecting the peripheral blood (PB) lineages. Fever, splenomegaly, hypertriglyceridemia, hypofibrinogenemia, and hyperferritinemia are often encountered in this disease. selleck chemicals llc The syndrome can be seen in all ages and it is either primary due to genetic defects or secondary because of malignancies, immune deficiencies, rheumatic diseases, and infections. Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi are often implicated. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is among the infectious causes of HLH. We describe a patient with a successful treatment of HLH after the initiation of liposomal amphotericin B, due to VL, even though there was a delay in diagnosing the leishmaniasis. The exact precipitating pathophysiological events triggering HLH remain unknown and provide their clear impact for future research. An instructive, critical review of the literature related to the presented case is provided. Distinguishing secondary HS from primary HS is essential for the application of suitable treatment. Improper use of corticosteroids could cover up an underlying possible malignancy or infection and delay the initiation of the etiologic therapeutic strategy.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with numerous cardiac complications. We describe a case of type 1 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with focal myocarditis unmasked in a patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 with no previous cardiac history, in the hope of increasing understanding of the severity and possible complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and improving its clinical management.Introduction The standard of care for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is surgery. However, for medical inoperable patients stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is an alternative method. The aim of the study is to assess the overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and local control (LC) of patients diagnosed with NSCLC in Manitoba, Canada, between 2013 and 2017 and managed with SBRT. Materials and methods This retrospective study included a total of 158 patients (60.13% of the population were females) that were diagnosed with stage I-II NSCLC and were treated with lung SBRT between 2013 and 2017 in Manitoba. Demographics and clinical data were retrospectively extracted from the electronic patient record. Kaplan-Meier and Cumulative incidence curves were used to describe the OS, PFS, and LC outcomes. Results From the 158 patients, 32 patients were treated with 60 Gy in eight fractions, while 121 patients were treated with 48 Gy in four fractions. Only 85 patients had biopsy-proven NSCLC.