Vital pulp therapies (VPTs) aim to preserve the vitality of the pulp. The European Society of Endodontology have begun a campaign to raise awareness on the efficacy of VPTs following on from the publication of their 2019 position statement, aimed at both specialists and general dental practitioners. This review examines the current evidence surrounding VPTs and provides a rational approach to the management of the exposed pulp with the aid of case studies. Success lies in accurate diagnosis and case selection, along with well-executed treatment and appropriate follow-up protocols. The introduction of calcium silicate cements has made these treatments more predictable.Sickle cell disease is a multisystem disease associated with episodes of acute illness and progressive organ damage. It is one of the most common severe monogenic disorders worldwide and is now the fastest growing genetic disorder in the UK. Dental awareness of orofacial manifestation varies geographically due to the inheritance pattern and patient population affected by the disease. This article details the epidemiology, pathophysiology and the orofacial manifestations in light of current literature.Black Lives Matter represents positive action towards equality and inclusivity. The Black Lives Matter protests remind us that, as a society, prejudices and unconscious bias still exist throughout the world. So, how does this inequality impact UK dentistry and what lessons can we learn?Black British dentists and dental care professionals (DCPs) are greatly under-represented in the UK workforce. The cause is multifactorial, but clearly measures need to be made from an early age, as Black prospective students have a 19% acceptance rate into dentistry, compared with 54% white and 41% Asian.As a Black British dental student working with my White British dental tutor, we address barriers that affect Black students and offer recommendations. These struggles are not exclusively related to skin colour, but evidence shows that Black British individuals are more likely to experience detrimental factors.We recognise that it is not the majority that suffer from under-representation, but the minorities; it filters into all aspects of dentistry, including treatment planning and disease diagnosis. Black DCPs and dentists have a contextual understanding of the barriers their communities face and will prove pivotal in workforce diversification. However, we all have a part to play in improving healthcare quality. Together, we can do more.Pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) is an invasive surgical technique allowing the restoration of a well-balanced sagittal profile, however, the risks of pseudarthrosis and instrumentation breakage are still high. Literature studied primary stability and posterior instrumentation loads, neglecting the load shared by the anterior column, which is fundamental to promote fusion early after surgery. The study aimed at quantifying the load-sharing occurring after PSO procedure across the ventral spinal structures and the posterior instrumentation, as affected by simple bilateral fixation alone, with interbody cages adjacent to PSO level and supplementary accessory rods. Lumbar spine segments were loaded in vitro under flexion-extension, lateral bending, and torsion using an established spine tester. Digital image correlation (DIC) and strain-gauge (SG) analyses measured, respectively, the full-field strain distribution on the ventral surface of the spine and the local strain on posterior primary rods. Ventral strains considerably decreased following PSO and instrumentation, confirming the effectiveness of posterior load-sharing. Supplemental accessory rods considerably reduced the posterior rod strains only with interbody cages, but the ventral strains were unaffected this indicates that the load transfer across the osteotomy could be promoted, thus explaining the higher fusion rate with decreased rod fracture risk reported in clinical literature.Greenhouse and multi-location experiments were conducted for two consecutive years to investigate the effects of rhizobium on nodulation, biomass production and partitioning of faba bean. Split-plot in randomized complete block design was used for field experiments. Treatments consisted of six rhizobium strains and three faba bean varieties. LSD1-IN-7 benzenesulfonate Peat carrier-based inoculant of each strain was applied at the rate of 10 g kg-1 seed. Non-inoculated plants without N fertilizer and with N fertilizer served as -N and + N controls, respectively. Data on nodulation, shoot dry weight and root dry weight were collected and analyzed. Inoculation of rhizobium significantly increased nodulation of faba bean under greenhouse and field conditions. Location x strain x variety interaction had significant effects on nodulation, dry matter production and partitioning. Rhizobium inoculation increased nodulation, shoot and root dry weights of faba bean across locations. For example, inoculation with rhizobium strains NSFBR-15 and NSFBR-12 to variety Moti resulted in 206.9 and 99.3% shoot dry weight increase at Abala Gase and Hankomolicha, respectively and 133.3 and 70.7% root dry weight increase on the same variety at the same sites, respectively. Nodulation and biomass production depend on the compatibility between faba bean genotype and rhizobium strain and its interaction with soil bio-physical conditions.We present the first oxidation state measurements for the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) beneath the Rae craton, northern Canada, one of the largest components of the Canadian shield. In combination with major and trace element compositions for garnet and clinopyroxene, we assess the relationship between oxidation state and metasomatic overprinting. The sample suite comprises peridotite xenoliths from the central part (Pelly Bay) and the craton margin (Somerset Island) providing insights into lateral and vertical variations in lithospheric character. Our suite contains spinel, garnet-spinel and garnet peridotites, with most samples originating from 100 to 140 km depth. Within this narrow depth range we observe strong chemical gradients, including variations in oxygen fugacity (ƒO2) of over 4 log units. Both Pelly Bay and Somerset Island peridotites reveal a change in metasomatic type with depth. Observed geochemical systematics and textural evidence support the notion that Rae SCLM developed through amalgamation of different local domains, establishing chemical gradients from the start.