Premature luteinizing hormone (LH) surge is one of the causes for assisted reproductive technology cycle cancellation, and it is needed to find novel approaches with improved efficacy and safety profile. To compare the effects of Duphaston and Cetrotide on the prevention of premature LH surge and characteristics of retrieved follicles and embryos in women undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 200 patients who were administrated recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone from the third day of menstruation cycle were included. When the follicular diameter reached above 13-14 mm, Cetrotide was prescribed in the control group, while in the case group, Duphaston was taken orally from the third day of cycle. The retrieved oocytes were fertilized in vitro by intracytoplasmic sperm. The level of hormones on the third day of menstruation and the characteristic of follicles, oocytes, and embryos were compared between the two groups. Duphaston successfully inhibievents premature LH surge but also improves the number of retrieved oocytes. Endometrial receptivity is one of the important factors in assisted reproductive technology (ART) success. In the luteal phase of an ART cycle, serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone are often placed in low levels. Supporting the luteal phase with progesterone is a usual method. To evaluate the effects of E2 supplementation plus progesterone on the luteal phase support in the antagonist protocol who have undergone intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer cycles. In this cross-sectional study, 200 patients with antagonist stimulation protocol, who had undergone intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment, were divided into two groups based on the use of E2 supplementation. In both groups, 400 mg progesterone suppositories (CyclogestⓇ), twice a day/vaginally, was administered starting from the day of oocyte collection until the fetal heart activity. However, in the E2 group, in addition to progesterone, 4 mg tablet of E2 was received daily. Beta hCG was checked 14 days after the embryo transfer, and the clinical pregnancy rate was the main endpoint. The patients' characteristics were matched, and insignificant differences were observed, except for endometrial thickness. The clinical outcomes showed the rate of pregnancy was higher in the E2 group compared to the control group; nonetheless, statistically, there was no noticeable difference. E2 supplementation had no beneficial effect in the luteal phase support of IVF cycles. Nevertheless, more studies are required to confirm the supportive role of E2 supplementation for embryo implantation and to improve the outcomes in ART cycles.E2 supplementation had no beneficial effect in the luteal phase support of IVF cycles. Nevertheless, more studies are required to confirm the supportive role of E2 supplementation for embryo implantation and to improve the outcomes in ART cycles. The role of and its downstream genes in male fertility has been approved in animal models. Additionally, the expression shrinkage of is significantly correlated with human azoospermia phenotype. Aberrant expression of micro-RNAs could mislead spermatogenesis and mostly lead to diverse phenotypes of male infertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression level of in azoospermic men to reveal its possible association with infertility. This case-control study was conducted on 30 azoospermic men, of whom, 19 had non obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and 11 obstructive azoospermia (OA) according to the pathological examinations. Comprehensive bioinformatics investigations were performed securely and was selected afterward. Reverse Transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method was used and statistical analysis was performed to compare the expression level of in both OA and NOA individuals. In silico analysis suggested , with its potential binding ability to target transcripts. The expression analysis of candidate indicated its significant overexpression in NOA men. The was overexpressed in NOA men compared to OA-control individuals. As a consequence, the overexpressed micro-RNA could downregulate directly and indirectly and . Therefore, spermatogenesis could be misled and male infertility could be developed.The hsa-miR-27a-3p was overexpressed in NOA men compared to OA-control individuals. As a consequence, the overexpressed micro-RNA could downregulate directly KDM3A and indirectly TNP1 and PRM1. Therefore, spermatogenesis could be misled and male infertility could be developed. There is a lack of agreement among fertility specialists with regard to the routine use of mock embryo transfer (MET) before each in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment cycle. While MET may be beneficial with previous difficult embryo transfer cases, its routine use before first IVF cycle has not been evaluated. To find out the effect of MET before the first IVF cycle on clinical pregnancy rate. This is a single-centre randomized controlled trial with a balanced randomization (11), carried out between November 2015 and October 2017, with 200 subjects at Homerton university hospital, London, randomized into either MET or control. The primary outcome was clinical pregnancy rate (detection of heart activity on the ultrasound scan), the secondary outcome measures were live birth rate, miscarriage and multiple pregnancy rates, difficult ETs, rate of blood or mucus on the catheter tip. No significant differences were observed in the baseline or cycle characteristics between the two groups. Yoda1 cell line The clinical pregnancy rate was similar between the MET and control groups based on both intension to treat and per protocol analyses (p = 0.98, p = 0.92, respectively). Additionally, no significant difference was seen in the live birth rate in both groups on intension to treat and per protocol analyses (p = 0.67, p = 0.47), respectively. Our study concludes that MET prior to first IVF cycle may not improve the success rate in young women without risk factors for a difficult embryo transfer.Our study concludes that MET prior to first IVF cycle may not improve the success rate in young women without risk factors for a difficult embryo transfer.