72 and OR 2.3, 95%CI 1.42-3.81) were also associated with RRIs. Running to achieve running goals, specifically running to complete a certain distance and to participate in an event, is associated with the occurrence of an RRI.Running to achieve running goals, specifically running to complete a certain distance and to participate in an event, is associated with the occurrence of an RRI. To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of psychotic-like experiences (PLE) in a large cohort of Kenyan adolescents and young adults. The Washington Early Recognition Center Affectivity and Psychosis (WERCAP) Screen was used to the study the 12-month prevalence of PLE's among 9,564 Kenyan youths (aged 15-25 yrs), and the rates of psychosis high-risk (HR) and medium-risk (MR) cases, based on cut-off scores. Relationships with clinical, demographic and economic profiles were investigated. Across all participants, 72% reported having had at least one PLE over the last year. 4.6% and 30.6% were HR and MR based on symptom scores. There were similar PLE rates in females and males. PLE severity correlated with mood (r=0.67), stress (r=0.46), and autistic traits (r=0.18). PLE severity was also related to poverty, lower education attainment, and underemployment. Compared to controls, HR and MR youths were more likely to report lifetime substance use and to have more significant use. Psychosis screening can provide valuable information about individuals and may help identify those who may require clinical assessment and intervention to improve outcomes. This is particularly relevant in many parts of Africa where the resources are limited for treating more advanced illness.Psychosis screening can provide valuable information about individuals and may help identify those who may require clinical assessment and intervention to improve outcomes. This is particularly relevant in many parts of Africa where the resources are limited for treating more advanced illness.Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are subclinical psychotic symptoms that occur outside the context of sleep or are unrelated to drug use. PLEs of varying severity are reportedly very common in adolescence. However, there are concerns about whether the structure of PLEs among adolescents is latently dimensional or categorical ("taxonic"). The current study investigates the latent structure of PLEs in 1,886 adolescents recruited from senior high schools in Ghana. Four multivariate taxometric procedures (MAMBAC, MAXEIG, l-Mode and MAXSLOPE) were applied to analyze the data. Across the taxometric procedures, there was evidence that a dimensional structure underpins positive PLEs, negative PLEs and a combination of positive and negative PLEs. The findings suggest that PLEs are distributed in the adolescent population at differing degrees/severity and that evidence of discontinuity between milder and more severe PLEs is non-existent. The findings highlight the importance of incorporating a dimensional assessment of PLEs into the existing categorical approach so that differences between people can been seen as quantitative variations along the PLEs continuum.Targeted molecular radionuclide therapy (MRT) has shown its potential for the treatment of cancers of multiple origins. A combination therapy strategy employing two or more distinct therapeutic approaches in cancer management is aimed at circumventing tumor resistance by simultaneously targeting compensatory signaling pathways or bypassing survival selection mutations acquired in response to individual monotherapies. Combination radionuclide therapy (CRT) is a newer application of the concept, utilizing a combination of radiolabeled molecular targeting agents with chemotherapy and beam radiation therapy for enhanced therapeutic index. Encouraging results are reported with chemotherapeutic agents in combination with radiolabeled targeting molecules for cancer therapy. With increasing awareness of the various survival and stress response pathways activated after radionuclide therapy, different holistic combinations of MRT agents with radiosensitizers targeting such pathways have also been explored. MRT has also been studied in combination with beam radiotherapy modalities such as external beam radiation therapy and carbon ion radiation therapy to enhance the anti-tumor response. Nanotechnology aids in CRT by bringing together multiple monotherapies on a single nanostructure platform for treating cancers in a more precise or personalized way. CRT will be a key player in managing cancers if correctly tailored to the individual patient profile. The success of CRT lies in an in-depth understanding of the radiobiological principles and pathways activated in response. Measuring polar auxin transport (PAT) in plants and drawing conclusions from the observed transport data is only meaningful if these data are being analysed with a mathematical model which describes PAT. In this report we studied the polar auxin transport in Panax ginseng stems of different age and grown on different substrates. We measured polar IAA transport in stems using a radio labelled IAA and analysed the transport data with a mathematical model we developed for Arabidopsis. We found that PAT in ginseng stems, as compared to Arabidopsis inflorescence stems, has a 2-fold lower transport velocity and a 3-fold lower steady state auxin flux. We were able to pinpoint two physiological parameters that influenced the observed transport characteristics in ginseng which differ from Arabidopsis, namely an increase in immobilization together with a reduced reflux of IAA from the surrounding tissue back to the transporting cells.We were able to pinpoint two physiological parameters that influenced the observed transport characteristics in ginseng which differ from Arabidopsis, namely an increase in immobilization together with a reduced reflux of IAA from the surrounding tissue back to the transporting cells.The objective of this study was to evaluate waste biodegradation and biochemical compatibility for different waste co-disposed with municipal solid waste (MSW). #link# Laboratory-scale reactors were operated with MSW co-disposed with special solid waste, liquid waste, or sludge waste. Early and aggressive addition of liquid wastes during reactor startup did not stimulate anaerobic decomposition of fresh MSW. The majority of the liquid waste reactors were acid stuck and had leachate pH less then 6 and chemical oxygen demand in the range of 50,000 mg-O2/L. Fatostatin of liquid wastes in this study were not observed to be effective anaerobic inoculums and would not be recommended as the sole moisture source for bioreactor landfills. Enhanced early methane production was observed in the MSW reactors co-disposed with sludge (anaerobic and industrial) relative to the landfill leachate control reactors and all other waste combinations evaluated. Methane generation was observed in reactors operated with foundry waste or gypsum board co-disposed with MSW.