The patients needed invasive mechanical ventilation for 7 and 9 days, respectively, and were discharged without respiratory complications. In these patients, the EXIT technique was a safe procedure, carried out without inconvenience. A multi disciplinary approach and the availability of a neonatal intensive care unit are needed to reduce potential complications and ensure postnatal management. Timely prenatal diagnosis is essential to perform this technique.In these patients, the EXIT technique was a safe procedure, carried out without inconvenience. learn more A multi disciplinary approach and the availability of a neonatal intensive care unit are needed to reduce potential complications and ensure postnatal management. Timely prenatal diagnosis is essential to perform this technique. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is the main cause of mortality due to congenital heart disea se. The Norwood surgery is the first procedure of the surgical staging process towards a single ventri cle physiology or Fontan-type operation and has a mortality rate of 10% to 30%. Extubation failure during the postoperative period occurs in up to 18% of these patients and is associated with increased mortality. To describe extubation failure rates and risk factors in pediatric patients with HLHS who underwent Norwood procedure. Case-control study that included all the patients with HLHS managed with Norwood surgery at the Hospital Clínico de la Pontificia Universidad Catolica between January 2000 and February 2018. Cases and controls were defined as patients with extubation failure and as patients without this complication, respectively. The fo llowing variables were recorded demographic, surgical, and post-surgical ones, and univariate and multivariate analyses (logistic regression) were performed to determine risk factors associated with extubation failure. Out of 107 patients, 26 of them presented extubation failure (24.3%). In the univariate analysis, longer mechanical ventilation time during the postsurgical period, atelectasis, pleural effusion, chylothorax, other respiratory morbidities (i.e. apneas and tracheitis), and longer infusion times of morphine and midazolam, all were associated with a higher extubation failure rate in this population. In the multivariable analysis, chylothorax, other respiratory comorbidities, and longer infusion time of midazolam remained associated with this complication, however, it was not associated with higher mortality. Chylothorax, respiratory comorbidities, and longer use of Midazolam should be addressed before planning airway extubation in order to avoid failure.Chylothorax, respiratory comorbidities, and longer use of Midazolam should be addressed before planning airway extubation in order to avoid failure. Heavy Menstrual Bleeding (EMB) is a frequent problem in adolescence. The prevalence of inherited bleeding disorders (IBD) as a cause of EMB is not well established and the involvement of fibri nolytic pathway defects has been poorly explored. To determine the prevalence of IBD and fibrinolysis defects in adolescents with EMBs. 93 adolescents (11 to 18 years old) were included. Personal and family history of bleeding were obtained through a standard ized questionnaire. The following lab tests were performed prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), von Willebrand factor quantification, and platelet count and function. Those patients who were not diagnosed with IBD were further evaluated with clot lysis time assay. 41 patients (44%) were diagnosed as IBD (Von Willebrand disease n = 28, platelet func tion defects n=8, mild hemophilia n = 5. Decreased clot lysis time was found in 31 patients. 54% of patients diagnosed with IBD had EMB as the first hemorrhagic manifestation. These results support the need to evaluate the coagulation process, including the fibrinolytic pathway in the study of adolescents with EMB.These results support the need to evaluate the coagulation process, including the fibrinolytic pathway in the study of adolescents with EMB. The treatment of advanced neuroblastoma includes chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy with 131-I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine (131-I-MIBG). Despite strategies to protect thyroid function, its dysfunction is reported between 12 and 85%. To identify the frequency of thyroid dys function in cases of neuroblastoma treated with 131-I-MIBG. Cross-sectional study. We included all the cases with neuroblastoma treated with 131-I-MIBG between 2002 and 2015, with complete somatometry, and complete thyroid profile (TSH, free and total T3 and T4, and anti-thyroglobulin and antiperoxidase antibodies). 27 patients were identified out of which eleven died (40%). Out of the 16 surviving cases, 9 (56%) presented thyroid dysfunction 2 (13%) cases with subclinical hypothyroidism and 7 (44%) cases with clinical hypothyroidism (3 cases due to psychomotor developmental delay and 4 due to growth deceleration). The patients presented cli nical manifestations at 16.1 months (1.2-66.3 months) after receiving the radiopharmaceutice radiopharmaceutical at a cumulative dose of 142 mCi (96-391.5 mCi). No differences were found in the age at diagnosis, age at the start of treatment with 131-I-MIBG, the cumulative dose of 131-I-MIBG, and the time elapsed between the dose and the thyroid profile among the cases with or without thyroid dysfunction. Con clusions 56% of patients with neuroblastoma had thyroid dysfunction. Most of the cases with hy pothyroidism were referred when thyroid dysfunction was clinically evident. A thyroid profile should be performed every 6 months, along with an annual endocrinological evaluation during the next 5 years in these patients. Obesity is considered a chronic inflammatory disease with an important genetic component. Although several studies have reported an association between the FTO (fat-mass associated gene) and adiposity in children, there is limited evidence in the Chilean population. To deter mine the association between the polymorphism rs9939609 of the FTO gene and markers of adipo sity in Chilean children. Cross-sectional study which included 361 children aged between 6 and 11 years (50% were girls). Between March and June 2008, clinical data and blood sample collection was carried out. The rs9939609 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the FTO gene, was determined using the genomic DNA extracted from leukocytes, using the QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany).The adiposity markers included were body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body fat, and WC/H index; which were later compared adjusted by sex, age, and Tanner stage. Linear regression analyses were conducted to detect the association between the polymorphism and obesity markers.