Included studies were evaluated using a QI classification system based on current MT QI guidelines and the Donabedian QI framework. We identified 107 eligible studies. Trauma patients were the most commonly evaluated group, and total blood products transfused and in-hospital mortality were the most commonly reported QIs. Reflecting the lack of international consensus and benchmarks, we found significant variability in the reporting of QIs, which often did not reflect guideline recommendations. Our review highlights the importance of establishing international consensus on prioritised QIs with quantifiable targets that are important to the process of MT.Our review highlights the importance of establishing international consensus on prioritised QIs with quantifiable targets that are important to the process of MT.There are still many cases where traditional medical care does not provide a realistic solution for patients with devastating diseases so other interventions should be adopted. We present a case report of a 76 year-old woman admitted to a Palliative Care unit due to stage IV colon adenocarcinoma, and we describe the contribution of a six-year-old Yorkshire terrier in her symptom management. Animal-assisted therapy can be of great use in palliative care, contributing to the patients' pain management, relief from suffering and improvement of quality of life.Strongyloides stercoralis is a parasite capable of surviving for decades in a single host, due to its ability of auto-infection. Strongyloidiasis usually presents a chronic and asymptomatic evolution, and isolated eosinophilia, cutaneous or gastrointestinal abnormalities are the most frequent findings. Between the 1910s and 1980s, several cases of autochthonous strongyloidiasis in Portugal have been described. We report the case of a patient with abdominal pain, ascites and marked eosinophilia. The diagnostic investigation excluded frequent causes of eosinophilia. The diagnosis of strongyloidiasis was confirmed by immunoenzymatic positivity of the antibody to Strongyloides stercoralis. Since the patient lived in a region where several cases of strongyloidiasis were diagnosed in the past, and given the absence of previous trips abroad, this is the first case identified in recent decades of autochthonous strongyloidiasis in Portugal. The authors point out the possibility of chronic infection acquired in regions previously considered foci of great endemicity.Hematocolpos is an obstruction of the menstrual flow due to an anomaly of the genital tract, with imperforate hymen being the most common one. M3541 datasheet It is an uncommon condition, with a prevalence of 11000 - 116 000. It is usually an asymptomatic condition until the onset of menarche, when there is accumulation of blood in the vagina (hematocolpos) or in the uterus (hematometra). A rare symptom of hematocolpos could be urinary retention. Our case report is about a 12-year-old girl, with no menarche and Tanner stage M4/P5, who was admitted to our emergency department with abdominal pain and urinary retention. A brief review of this rare condition is presented, in order to remind clinicians about its existence, so that it can be diagnosed and treated as quickly as possible.Bariatric surgery is a therapeutic option to treat obesity in (carefully selected) patients with psychiatric disorders. About half of the patients referred for bariatric surgery have a diagnosis of (at least one) mental disorder and most of them are treated with psychotropic drugs. This procedure may modify the bioavailability of drugs and lithium is no exception. However, although absorption seems to decrease in most drugs, in the case of lithium, there is a high risk of toxicity. In this article, we describe the case of a 44-year-old female patient with lithium intoxication after bariatric surgery. We conducted a review of the published clinical cases in the scientific literature about lithium toxicity after bariatric surgery, and we propose potential preventive clinical solutions. It is essential to increase awareness of changes to the absorption of psychotropic drugs in the post-surgery period, particularly in the case of lithium. Regular postoperative clinical and laboratory monitoring of lithium serum levels is strongly recommended.The large-scale applications of Triclosan in industrial and household products have created many health and environmental concerns. Despite the fears of its drug-resistance and other issues, Triclosan is still an effective drug against many infectious organisms. Knowing the cross-interactions of Triclosan with different antibiotics, bacteria, and humans can provide much-needed information for the risk assessment of this drug. We review the current understanding of the antimicrobial mechanisms of Triclosan, how microbes become resistant to Triclosan, and the synergistic and antagonistic effects of Triclosan with different antibiotics. Current literature on the clinical applications of Triclosan and its effect on fetus/child development are also summarized.Elimination disorders - ICD-11 classification and definitions Abstract. Elimination disorders are common in children and are can be divided into three main groups nocturnal enuresis, daytime urinary incontinence, and encopresis or fecal incontinence. There are also many subgroups that can be diagnosed exactly. This review critically presents the definitions and the classification suggestions of the ICD-11. It compares the definitions of enuresis according to ICD-11 with those of nocturnal enuresis and daytime urinary incontinence of the ICCS. It also contrasts encopresis according to ICD-11 with functional constipation and nonretentive fecal incontinence by the Rome-IV criteria. It becomes apparent that the ICD-11 does not reflect current research findings; that it does not render specific diagnoses, which are prerequisites for effective treatment; and that it is not exact enough for research. In conclusion, the ICCS and Rome-IV definitions are the preferred classification systems in clinical practice and research.Perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA), used in numerous commercial products, was recently demonstrated to accumulate in the brain more easily than other perfluorinated compounds and to cause cognitive deficits. In this study, pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells were exposed to doses of PFDoA to explore the cytotoxicity of this compound to neurons. The results showed that treatment with PFDoA decreased PC12 cell viability dose-dependently. Treatment with 50 and 100 µM PFDoA significantly increased reactive oxygen species (p less then 0.01) and malondialdehyde (p less then 0.01) and decreased total antioxidant capacity (p less then 0.05 and p less then 0.01, respectively) in PC12 cells. The administration of 50 and 100 µM PFDoA led to a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (p less then 0.05 and p less then 0.01, respectively) in PC12 cells. The activity of caspase 3 was obviously increased (p less then 0.05) in 100 µM PFDoA-treated PC12 cells. In general, the results demonstrated that PFDoA exposure could result in the disruption of MMP, which may contribute to the increase of oxidative stress and activation of the apoptotic signaling cascade in PC12 cells.