Background The recurrence of urothelial carcinoma in orthotopic ileal neobladder is an extremely rare entity. We present a case of a patient who developed urothelial carcinoma in a robotically formed ileal neobladder (Studer), 10 years after primary surgery, who was managed with robotic neocystectomy. Case Presentation A 56 year-old patient presented with gross hematuria 10 years after robotic cystoprostatectomy, lymphadenectomy, and intracorporeal formation of Studer ileal neobladder. After surgery the patient was closely followed up using cytology testing, cystoscopy, and imaging at regular intervals. selleckchem Ten years later the patient presented gross hematuria. Cystoscopic examination with biopsies was performed, revealing the presence of high-grade urothelial carcinoma. The patient under general anesthesia was placed in a position similar to robotic prostatectomy and robotic neocystectomy with bilateral ureterostomy was performed. Conclusion Although urothelial carcinoma in an orthotopic neobladder is unusual, recurrence should be considered in patients with hematuria who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy and orthotopic ileal neobladder formation. However, those patients can be managed safely and effectively, performing robotic neocystectomy.Percutaneous endoscopic renal surgery such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a safe and effective treatment for patients with large and/or complex renal calculi. However, a unique set of complications can occur with this surgical approach that may involve the targeted kidney and surrounding structures. Renal collecting system obstruction after PCNL is rare, but may result from ureteral avulsion, stricture formation, transient mucosal edema, blood clot, or infundibular stenosis. Impaction of stone and trauma during PCNL could induce stricture formation and obstruction. Use of proper percutaneous and endoscopic techniques and instruments will help to reduce the chances of developing such strictures and obstruction.Background Published case reports on the management of ureteral stones in patients with prior ureterosigmoidostomy have described the challenges of direct retrograde access to the ureter using standard endourologic instruments. In light of these challenges, reported effective techniques have involved either (1) direct retrograde access utilizing sigmoid endoscopy with air insufflation or (2) percutaneous antegrade access. We report the first experience of effective retrograde ureteroscopy utilizing traditional endourologic instruments in a patient without percutaneous access. Case Presentation The patient is a 70-year-old man born with bladder exstrophy who underwent end colostomy and ureterosigmoidostomy as a child. He presented with a symptomatic 6 mm stone at the right ureterosigmoid junction. A trial of spontaneous passage failed because of persistent pain. Treatment options were limited by the patient's recent history of coronary stent placement, requiring uninterrupted antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel. As such, we attempted retrograde ureteroscopy through a transrectal approach. Anticipating some difficulty in the identification of the ureteral orifices, we administered methylene blue at the time of induction. After placing the patient in lithotomy position, we advanced a flexible cystoscope to the rectosigmoid junction where we identified a ureteral orifice. Guidewire access was obtained and we confirmed right-sided laterality with fluoroscopic imaging. A semirigid ureteroscope was passed to the ureterosigmoid junction where the stone was encountered and retrieved intact using a basket. A 6 × 26 Double-J stent was placed with a string to facilitate removal 5 days later. The postoperative course was unremarkable. Conclusion Despite the previously reported challenges of the approach, retrograde ureteroscopy without percutaneous access represents a viable treatment option for ureteral stones in patients with ureterosigmoidostomy.Background Ureteroscopy is frequently used for small renal and ureteral calculi. Rarely cases have been reported of retained ureteroscopes as a complication. With the limited number of cases, it is important to add these to the literature to mitigate the future risk from this complication that can lead to significant morbidity. We present our unique experience with a retained ureteroscope requiring open surgical intervention. Case Presentation Our case is a 65-year-old female undergoing ureteroscopy for a 2 cm right ureteropelvic junction obstructing stone. After laser lithotripsy, there was significant buildup of stone debris distally along the ureteroscope. Conservative measures failed to remove the ureteroscope, so an open surgical approach was taken. The ureteroscope was removed, and a ureteral reimplant was performed. Postoperative CT shows residual hydronephrosis, but there is no obstruction seen on renal Lasix scan. Conclusions This is a rare, but real, complication that urologists must be aware of. Preventive measures with pre-stenting early intraoperative stenting, using a ureteral access sheath, or using a single-use flexible ureteroscope could be considered especially when treating larger stones endoscopically.Radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma is a challenging operation that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates. In the literature, the complication rates have been described up to 68%. We describe a unique method of managing a ureteroileal anastomotic leak in a patient with limited ureteral length. The use of polytetrafluoroethylene-covered ureteral stents has been described in the management of ureteral strictures, but this is the first time they have been used in the treatment of a urinary leak after radical cystectomy.Background Surgical therapy for benign prostatic obstruction is indicated after failure of medical therapy or in the presence of secondary side effects. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the most well-established intervention. Urinary incontinence is the most distressing complication after TURP and may occur secondary to transient stress incontinence, unmasked neurogenic dysfunction, or iatrogenic injury to the external sphincter. Case Presentation We present a 71-year-old man with total incontinence after TURP from a retained urethral Foley catheter after attempted self-extraction. Conclusion The transected catheter was removed under general anesthesia with a larger grasper through a rigid cystoscope.