RESULTS CCS uptake remained relatively stable over time, with a mean coverage of 70.9% in Belgium and 73.1% in Switzerland. Educational and income gradients were found in both countries. Concerning CCS overuse, women above screening-eligible age showed consistently high screening rates, but screening within the past year declined significantly in both countries, matching the temporal implementation of the reimbursement initiatives. CONCLUSIONS Although no increase in CCS coverage could be established, CCS has become more efficient in both countries as Pap smear overuse at the population level has declined after the implementation of reimbursement measures tackling CCS overuse. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.Humans are uniquely able to retrieve and combine words into syntactic structure to produce connected speech. Previous identification of focal brain regions necessary for production focused primarily on associations with the content produced by speakers with chronic stroke, where function may have shifted to other regions after reorganization occurred. Here, we relate patterns of brain damage with deficits to the content and structure of spontaneous connected speech in 52 speakers during the acute stage of a left hemisphere stroke. Multivariate lesion behaviour mapping demonstrated that damage to temporal-parietal regions impacted the ability to retrieve words and produce them within increasingly complex combinations. Damage primarily to inferior frontal cortex affected the production of syntactically accurate structure. In contrast to previous work, functional-anatomical dissociations did not depend on lesion size likely because acute lesions were smaller than typically found in chronic stroke. These results are consistent with predictions from theoretical models based primarily on evidence from language comprehension and highlight the importance of investigating individual differences in brain-language relationships in speakers with acute stroke. © The Author(s) (2020). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain.OBJECTIVES Although the standard treatment for pathological N2 (pN2) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is definitive chemoradiation, surgery can be beneficial for resectable pN2 disease. Herein, we report the long-term clinical outcomes of upfront surgery followed by adjuvant treatment for selected patients with resectable pN2 disease. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes for patients with pN2 disease who underwent surgery as the first-line therapy. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to identify the significant factors for overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival. RESULTS From 2004 to 2015, a total of 706 patients with pN2 NSCLC underwent complete anatomical resection at our institution. The patients' clinical N stages were cN0, 308 (43.6%); cN1, 123 (17.4%) and cN2, 275 (39.0%). Adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy were administered to 169 (23.9%), 115 (17.4%) and 299 patients (42.4%), respectively. With a median follow-up of 40 months, the respective median time and 5-year rate of OS were 52 months and 44.7%. BL-918 in vivo According to subdivided pN2 descriptors, the median OS time was 80, 53 and 37 months for patients with pN2a1, pN2a2 and pN2b, respectively. Adjuvant chemotherapy was a significant prognostic factor for both OS [hazard ratio (HR) 0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.28-0.52; P  less then  0.001] and recurrence-free survival (HR 0.42, 95% CI 0.30-0.58; P  less then  0.001). CONCLUSIONS Upfront surgery followed by adjuvant therapy for resectable N2 disease showed favourable outcomes compared to those reported in previous studies. Adjuvant chemotherapy is essential to improve the prognosis for patients undergoing upfront surgery for N2 disease. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Strongyloidiasis can cause devastating morbidity and death in immunosuppressed patients. Identification of reliable biomarkers for strongyloidiasis in immunosuppressed patients is critical for the prevention of severe disease. METHODS In this cross-sectional study of solid organ transplant (SOT) candidates and recipients, we quantified Strongyloides-specific IgG to the recombinant NIE and/or to a soluble extract of S. stercoralis somatic antigens ("crude antigen") using ELISAs. We also measured peripheral eosinophilia, four different eosinophil granule proteins, and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP). RESULTS We evaluated serum biomarkers in 149 individuals; 77 (52%) pre-SOT and 72 (48%) post-SOT. Four percent (6/149) tested positive by NIE ELISA and 9.6% (11/114) by crude antigen ELISA (overall seropositivity of 9.4% [14/149]). Seropositive patients had higher absolute eosinophil counts (AECs) than seronegative patients (p=0.004). AEC was positively correlated to the levels of eosinophil granule proteins ECP and EPO (p less then 0.05), while IFABP was positively related to the two other eosinophil granule proteins (MBP and EDN; Spearman r=0.3090 and 0.3778, respectively, p less then 0.05; multivariate analyses slopes=0.70 and 2.83, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that, in SOT patients, strongyloidiasis triggers both eosinophilia and eosinophil activation, the latter being associated with intestinal inflammation. These data provide insight into the pathogenesis of S. stercoralis infection in the immunocompromised population at high risk for severe strongyloidiasis syndromes. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail [email protected] The toxigenic mold Stachybotrys has controversially been linked to idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage and "sick building syndrome". However, there are no previous clinical records of invasive stachybotryosis. METHODS Sinus biopsy specimens from a 23-year old male with refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia were obtained at three different time points during the patient's hospitalization (139 days) and examined by histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Antifungal susceptibility testing, and fungal speciation, using multi locus sequence typing were performed. RESULTS Hemorrhage, fungal germination, and hyphal growth were observed in the first sinus biopsy tissues. Areas with fungal growth tested positive for Stachybotrys by IHC. Fungal isolates were genotyped and identified as Stachybotrys chlorohalonata. The patient was cured from Stachybotrys sinusitis following sinus surgery and antifungal treatment. While a subsequent second sinus biopsy and a bronchoscopy showed no signs of fungal infection, a later, third sinus biopsy tested positive for Aspergillus calidoustus, a rare human pathogen.