This study investigated the associations between image features extracted from tumor 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake and genetic alterations in patients with lung cancer. A total of 137 patients (age, 62.7 ± 10.2 years) who underwent FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and targeted deep sequencing analysis for a tumor lesion, comprising 61 adenocarcinoma (ADC), 31 squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC), and 45 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients, were enrolled in this study. From the tumor lesions, 86 image features were extracted, and 381 genes were assessed. ME344 PET features were associated with genetic mutations 41 genes with 24 features in ADC; 35 genes with 22 features in SQCC; and 43 genes with 25 features in SCLC (FDR  less then  0.05). Clusters based on PET features showed an association with alterations in oncogenic signaling pathways Cell cycle and WNT signaling pathways in ADC (p = 0.023, p = 0.035, respectively); Cell cycle, p53, and WNT in SQCC (p = 0.045, 0.009, and 0.029, respectively); and TGFβ in SCLC (p = 0.030). In addition, SUVpeak and SUVmax were associated with a mutation of the TGFβ signaling pathway in ADC (FDR = 0.001, less then  0.001). In this study, PET image features had significant associations with alterations in genes and oncogenic signaling pathways in patients with lung cancer.Mitochondria respond to DNA damage and preserve their own genetic material in a manner distinct from that of the nucleus but that requires organized mito-nuclear communication. Failure to resolve mtDNA breaks leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and affects host cells and tissues. Here, we review the pathways that safeguard mitochondrial genomes and examine the insights gained from studies of cellular and tissue-wide responses to mtDNA damage and mito-nuclear genome incompatibility.Animal models have demonstrated a link between dysregulation of the retinal dopamine system and the development of myopia (short-sightedness). We have previously demonstrated that topical application of levodopa in chicks can inhibit the development of form-deprivation myopia (FDM) in a dose-dependent manner. Here, we examine whether this same protection is observed in lens-induced myopia (LIM), and whether levodopa's protection against FDM and LIM occurs through a dopamine D1- or D2-like receptor mechanism. To do this, levodopa was first administered daily as an intravitreal injection or topical eye drop, at one of four ascending doses, to chicks developing LIM. Levodopa's mechanism of action was then examined by co-administration of levodopa injections with D1-like (SCH-23390) or D2-like (spiperone) dopamine antagonists in chicks developing FDM or LIM. For both experiments, levodopa's effectiveness was examined by measuring axial length and refraction after 4 days of treatment. Levodopa inhibited the development of LIM in a dose-dependent manner similar to its inhibition of FDM when administered via intravitreal injections or topical eye drops. In both FDM and LIM, levodopa injections remained protective against myopia when co-administered with SCH-23390, but not spiperone, indicating that levodopa elicits its protection through a dopamine D2-like receptor mechanism in both paradigms.MRI sensitivity for diagnosis and localization of early myocarditis is limited, although it is of central clinical interest. The aim of this project was to test a contrast agent targeting activated platelets consisting of microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO) conjugated to a single-chain antibody directed against ligand-induced binding sites (LIBS) of activated glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (= LIBS-MPIO). Myocarditis was induced by subcutaneous injection of an emulsion of porcine cardiac myosin and complete Freund's adjuvant in mice. 3D 7 T in-vivo MRI showed focal signal effects in LIBS-MPIO injected mice 2 days after induction of myocarditis, whereas in control-MPIO injected mice no signal was detectable. Histology confirmed CD41-positive staining, indicating platelet involvement in myocarditis in mice as well as in human specimens with significantly higher LIBS-MPIO binding compared to control-MPIO in both species. Quantification of the myocardial MRI signal confirmed a signal decrease after LIBS-MPIO injection and significant less signal in comparison to control-MPIO injection. These data show, that platelets are involved in inflammation during the course of myocarditis in mice and humans. They can be imaged non-invasively with LIBS-MPIO by molecular MRI at an early time point of the inflammation in mice, which is a valuable approach for preclinical models and of interest for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes.The aims of this study were to investigate the impact of the relative dose intensity (RDI) of chemotherapy on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), to identify the optimal RDI cut-off points with the docetaxel, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide (TEC) regimen for stage I-III breast cancer patients and to explore the adverse events in these patients. To achieve this, we performed a retrospective analysis of breast cancer patients treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University in 2011. The results showed that among 293 patients with the TEC regimen, 85% and 80% were the cut-off points at which a high RDI was associated with better overall survival (HR = 2.04; 95% CI 1.13, 3.70; p = 0.02) and disease-free survival (HR = 1.97; 95% CI 1.14-3.42; p = 0.02), respectively. Among 169 HR(+) patients, 80% was the cut-off point for DFS (HR = 2.33; 95% CI 1.07-5.08; p = 0.03), and 85% was the cut-off point for OS (HR = 3.00; 95% CI 1.24-7.26; p = 0.02). Among 105 HR(-) patients, 80% was the cut-off point for OS (HR = 2.86; 95% CI 1.05-7.80; p = 0.04). Of 293 patients, neutropenia, nausea, and vomiting were found to be correlated with the level of RDI. In conclusion, a higher RDI of chemotherapy is associated with better survival but with a higher probability of causing adverse events. To optimize survival benefits, the RDI should be maintained ≥ 85% for HR(+) patients and ≥ 80% for HR(-) patients.