This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.For years, practising gynaecologists adopted a sound and simple surgical principle when treating women with ovarian torsion (OT) necrotic ischemic tissue has to be excised and discarded. As such, the radical cure of oophorectomy was the standard option. But is it time to critically examine this practice? This article is protected by copyright. Selleckchem R 55667 All rights reserved.Wildlife diseases pose a substantial threat to the provisioning of ecosystem services. We use a novel modeling approach to study the potential loss of these services through the imminent introduction of chronic wasting disease (CWD) to elk populations in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). A specific concern is that concentrating elk at feedgrounds may exacerbate the spread of CWD, whereas eliminating feedgrounds may increase the number of elk on private ranchlands and the transmission of a second disease, brucellosis, from elk to cattle. To evaluate the consequences of management strategies given the threat of two concurrent wildlife diseases, we develop a spatio-temporal bioeconomic model. GPS data from elk and landscape attributes are used to predict migratory behavior and population densities with and without supplementary feeding. We use a 4,800 km2 area around Pinedale, WY containing four existing feedgrounds as a case study. For this area, we simulate welfare estimates under a variety of management strategies. Our results indicate that continuing to feed elk could result in substantial welfare losses for the case-study region. Therefore, to maximize the present value of economic net benefits generated by the local elk population upon CWD's arrival in the region, wildlife managers may wish to consider discontinuing elk feedgrounds while simultaneously developing new methods to mitigate the financial impact to ranchers of possible brucellosis transmission to livestock. More generally, our methods can be used to weigh the costs and benefits of human-wildlife interactions in the presence of multiple disease risks. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVES To assess potential association between oral nevi (ON) and nevus-associated melanoma (NAM), in which melanoma cells coexist with nevus cells. METHODS A total of 74 ON patients and 7 NAM patients were retrospectively reviewed. Comparative and regression analyses of clinical and histologic data were performed between two groups. RESULTS The mean age of the patients with ON was 36.5 years compared with that of 54.7 years of the patients with NAM (P=0.008). Gender ratio was female predominance for ON (1.641 ratio) and male predominance for NAM (61 ratio). The most common location of ON and NAM was the palate (31.1%) and gingiva (71.4%), respectively. Univariate regression analysis revealed that elderly male patients (≥60 years) with junctional ON located on the gingiva correlate with higher risk of melanoma. Multivariate analysis revealed that junctional type of ON was an independent factor (adjusted OR, 38.32; 95% CI, 3.20-458.64; P=0.004) associated significantly with increased risk for melanoma. CONCLUSIONS The preliminary study for the first time elucidated the clinicopathologic features of a Chinese series of ON, and evaluated the potential association between ON and NAM with a limited sample size. Further large muticentre studies are needed to confirm the findings. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1D) is a subset of type 1 diabetes characterized by extremely rapid pancreatic β-cell destruction with aggressive progression of hyperglycaemia and ketoacidosis. It was initially classified as idiopathic type 1 diabetes due to the absence of autoimmune markers. However, subsequent studies provide evidences supporting the involvement of autoimmunity in rapid β-cell loss in FT1D pathogenesis, which are crucial for FT1D being an autoimmune disease. This article highlights the role of immunological aspects in FT1D according to the autoimmune-associated genetic background, viral infection, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and pancreas histology. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Particle therapy using protons or heavier ions is currently the most advanced form of radiotherapy and offers new opportunities for improving cancer care and research. Ions deposit the dose with a sharp maximum - the Bragg peak - and normal tissue receives a much lower dose than what delivered by X-ray therapy. Particle therapy has also biological advantages due to the high linear energy transfer of the charged particles around the Bragg peak. The introduction of particle therapy has been slow in Europe, but within the last decade more than 20 clinical facilities have opened and facilitated access to this frontline therapy. In this review article, the basic concepts of particle therapy are reviewed along with a presentation of the current clinical indications, the European clinical research, and the established networks. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The innate immune system responds in a rapid and non-specific manner against immunologic threats; inflammation is part of this response. This is followed by a slower but targeted and specific response termed the adaptive or acquired immune response. There is emerging evidence that dietary components, including yeast-derived β-glucans, can aid host defense against pathogens by modulating inflammatory and antimicrobial activity of neutrophils and macrophages. Innate Immune Training refers to a newly recognized phenomenon wherein compounds may "train" innate immune cells, such that monocyte and macrophage precursor biology is altered to mount a more effective immunological response. Although various human studies have been carried out, much uncertainty still exists and further studies are required to fully elucidate the relationship between β-glucan supplementation and human immune function. This review offers an up-to-date report on yeast-derived β-glucans as immuno-modulators, including a brief overview of the current paradigm regarding the interaction of β-glucans with the immune system. The recent pre-clinical work that has partly decrypted mode of action and the newest evidence from human trials, are also reviewed. According to pre-clinical studies, β-1,3/1,6-glucan derived from Baker's Yeast may offer increased immuno-surveillance, although the human evidence is weaker than that gained from pre-clinical studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.