This FOM fascia suspends the sublingual glands, vessels, and genioglossus from its deep surface. The elevated lingual frenulum is formed by a central fold of this FOM fascia together with the overlying oral mucosa with variability in fascial thickness and composition. With tongue elevation, the fascia mobilizes to a variable extent into the fold forming the frenulum, providing a structural explanation for the individual variability in lingual frenulum morphology seen in clinical practice. Urinary tract infection is a major public health problem in terms of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It ranks as the number one infection which leads to an antibiotic prescription after a physician's visit. However, there are limited studies done on UTI in Ethiopia. Hence, this study was aimed to assess the magnitude of urinary tract infection and its associated factors among adult patients attending hospitals of the Tigray region, Ethiopia. . A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2019. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 472 participants from five randomly selected hospitals in Tigray region. A pretested structured questionnaire through face-to-face interview and patient chart review checklist was used to collect data. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21. read more A binary logistic regression model was used to test the association between dependent and independent variables. The magnitude of urinary tract infection was 86 (18.2%) (95% CI 14.6%-21.6%). Affor urinary tract infection and provided with education on voiding urine at least five times a day and on increasing daily water intake.This study was conducted to detect the presence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) in raw chicken meat and bean sprouts collected from local markets and to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of the E. coli isolates. A total of 100 samples, comprised of 50 raw chicken meat and 50 bean sprouts, were collected and processed. Kirby-Bauer method was used to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns, and PCR amplification was used to detect E. coli species-specific and colistin resistance (mcr-1 and mcr-2) genes. The results showed that 52.1% (12/23) of the E. coli isolated from raw chicken meat were positive for the colistin resistance encoding gene, mcr-1, whereas all the E. coli isolates from bean sprouts were negative for colistin resistance encoding genes. The findings show that chicken meat contaminated with colistin-resistant E. coli may pose public health risk to the consumers. Hence, prudent usage of antibiotics and hygienic handling of food items helps to prevent and combat the risks of spreading of colistin-resistant E. coli and the public health risks it may pose. More comprehensive and large-scale studies focusing on all the possible sources of colistin-resistant E. coli are recommended.Levoglucosan is a thermal decomposition product of cellulose in particulate matter. δ13C value of levoglucosan could be used in studying the combustion mechanisms and chemical pathways. In order to introduce a minimum number of carbon atoms, based on the stereostructure of levoglucosan, a two-step derivatization method with methylboronic acid and MSTFA was developed and carefully optimized. The recommended reaction temperature is 70°C; the reaction time is 60 min for MBA and 120 min for MSTFA derivatization; and the molar ratio of levoglucosan  MBA  MSTFA is 1  1 100 and 1  1 120 and the reagent volume ratio of MSTFA  pyridine is between 1  3 and 1  4. The developed method achieved excellent reproducibility and high accuracy. The differences in the carbon isotopic compositions of the target boronate trimethysilylated derivative between the measured and calculated ranged from 0.09 to 0.36‰. The standard deviation of measured δ13C value of levoglucosan was between 0.22 and 0.48‰. The method was applied to particle samples collected from the combustion of cellulose at four different temperatures. δ13C values of levoglucosan in particle samples generated from a self-made combustion setup suggesting that combustion temperature play a little role on isotope fractionation of levoglucosan, although 13C enriched in levoglucosan during the combustion process.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), due to their high hydrophobicity, have low affinity for metallic SERS-active surfaces, which leads to their low SERS detection sensitivity. Various functional groups have been used to improve the affinity of metallic substrates towards the target PAHs. However, a large portion of the signals generated from the "first-layer effect" of the functionalized substrates may complicate the spectrum, leading to a distortion in the assignment of the intrinsic SERS fingerprints of PAHs. In this study, a SERS sensor composed of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and reoxidized graphene oxide (rGO) was developed for the simultaneous determination of 16 EPA priority PAHs. The synthesis of the rGO/AuNP substrate can be realized without a complicated modification process. All the 16 PAHs could be identified based on their characteristic peaks in the presence of the composited substrate, with estimated LOD as low as 0.2-2 ng·mL-1. The binary linear regression was optimized as the fitting model for all PAHs except for benzo(k)fluoranthene, with the linear correlation coefficient ranging from 0.9889 to 0.9997. Based on the developed SERS substrates and sample pretreatment, the characteristic SERS peaks of four PAHs in Chinese traditional fried food (youtiao) were identified without any background interference. The whole detection process only takes approximately 15 minutes. The results demonstrate the potential of the multicomponent on-field detection of PAHs. People with disabilities tend to have greater oral health problems compared to those without disabilities. This may be due to barriers they come across in accessing dental services. The objective of this systematic review was to provide a critical digest of the scientific literature concerning barriers and facilitators of access to oral health services for people with disabilities. The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), and Brazilian Library of Dentistry (BBO) were searched using keywords relevant to the subject. The search was not restricted to specific languages or years of publication; all relevant studies were translated and reviewed. Sixteen studies including 14 articles, a doctoral thesis, and a monograph were selected, and their quality was analysed using the Downs and Black assessment tool. Barriers to dental services were divided into physical or nonphysical based on the dentist's perspective, as per the perception of parents/guardians or by the persons with disabilities.