It may reflect possible molecular mechanisms of bioluminescence as well as features of bacterial composition. The obtained data expands the existing body of knowledge about the bioluminescence spread among the bacteria of Nordic latitudes and provides complex information that is crucial for their precise identification.We studied the luminescence properties of indole in poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film. The indole molecules are effectively immobilized in this polymer film and display both fluorescence and phosphorescence emission at room temperature. We noticed that the phosphorescence of indole in PVA film can be effectively excited at a longer wavelength than its typical singlet to triplet population route involving intersystem crossing. The maximum of the phosphorescence excitation is about 410 nm which corresponds to the energy of indole's triplet state. Interestingly, the phosphorescence anisotropy excited with the longer wavelength (405 nm) is positive and reaches a value of about 0.25 in contrast to the phosphorescence anisotropy excited within the indole singlet absorption spectrum (290 nm), which is negative. Very different temperature dependences have been observed for fluorescence and phosphorescence of indole in PVA film. While fluorescence depends minimally, the phosphorescence decreases with temperature dramatically. The fluorescence lifetime was measured to be a single component 4.78 ns while the intensity weighted average phosphorescence lifetime with 290 nm and 405 nm excitations were 6.57 and 5.62 ms, respectively. We believe that the possibility of the excitation of indole phosphorescence in the blue region of visible light and its high anisotropy opens a new avenue for future protein studies.Mastering geriatric nursing skills takes time and its acquisition should start early in undergraduate nursing training. The purpose of this study is to synthesise and evaluate the learning experiences that first-year nursing students had following geriatric patient simulation and practice of clinical patient handover. Qualitative content analysis of survey comments from first-year students (n = 216) at a large university in Norway were performed. Simulation training included systematic patient observation of scenarios based on genuine geriatric cases in nursing homes and practice of clinical patient handover. Content analyses identified four generic categories (1) 'embodying theoretical knowledge'; (2) 'increased awareness about one's self'; (3) 'understanding that collaboration is needed'; (4) 'preparing for future work life'. These themes provide evidence for students integrating geriatric theoretical knowledge with clinical skills as a result of simulation. Analysis of learning experiences shows that geriatric scenario simulation and practice of clinical patient handover are valuable instruments before entering clinical training with geriatric patients, even for novice students. The use of genuine simulation cases and instruction on the use of clinical handover instruments are effective in producing conceptual changes that prepare students for their first encounter with complex, real-world geriatric scenarios.Background A call to increase diversity among academic surgery faculty (ASF) was made in 2008, after recognizing the lack of surgeons considered underrepresented in medicine (URM). We aimed to quantify and assess trends among URM ASF in the interval since that call to action. Methods Publicly available data on ASF were reviewed. We calculated the percentage of ASF in 2018 by URM group, then stratified by academic rank of assistant professor, associate professor, and full professor. We compared 2005-2018 ASF of Hispanic or Latino (HL) and African American (AA) background; 2005 data were unavailable for other URM groups. Results In 2018, URM surgeons accounted for 7.06% (n = 1013/14,340) of ASF (AA n = 492, 3.43%; HL n = 485, 3.38%; American Indian or Alaskan Native n = 23, 0.16%; and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander n = 13, 0.09%). When comparing 2005-2018, AA ASF remained stable across ranks (total n = 298, 3.12% versus n = 492, 3.43%; P = 0.09), whereas HL ASF decreased across ranks (total n = 415, 4.35% versus n = 485, 3.38%; P = 0.00007). Conclusions Surgeons from URM backgrounds account for 7% of ASF. No increase in AA and a decrease in HL ASF occurred from 2005 to 2018. There is a paucity of data for other URM groups. Active strategies to increase diversity and inclusion in academic surgery are necessary.Temporal attention, that is, the process of anticipating the occurrence of a stimulus at a given time point, has been shown to improve perceptual processing of visual stimuli. In the present study, we investigated whether and how temporal attention interacts with spatial attention and feature-based attention in visual selection. To monitor the influence of the three different attention dimensions on perceptual processing, we measured event-related potentials (ERPs). Our participants performed a visual search task, in which a colored singleton was presented amongst homogenous distractors. We manipulated spatial and feature-based attention by requiring participants to respond only to target singletons in a particular color and at a to-be-attended spatial location. We manipulated temporal attention by means of an explicit temporal cue that announced either validly or invalidly the occurrence of the search display. We obtained early ERP effects of spatial attention and feature-based attention at the validly cued but not at the invalidly cued time point. Taken together, our results suggest that temporal attention boosts early effects of spatial and feature-based attention.The proximate composition, energetic value, minerals, B-group vitamins and pH value of the loin (longissimus thoracis) of 71 wild Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus), were evaluated in stags and hinds hunted in autumn and winter. In autumn, meat had a higher content of moisture, K, Na, Zn and thiamine when compared to winter, in which higher content of proteins and P were detected. Z-VAD-FMK solubility dmso Meat from stags had a higher moisture, Na, Zn and folic acid content, while hinds provided optimal pH values ( less then 5.8) in higher proportions than stags. Considering European Unions nutrition and health claims, deer loin has a high content of proteins, Zn, vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin), and a low content of fat and sodium/salt, being a source of P, Fe, Cu and vitamins B2 (riboflavin) and B3 (niacin). Additionally, health claims related to children's development could be attributed to this meat, which may increase the interest on deer meat from consumers.