Both methods achieve results that are in good quantitative agreement with the high-field data. However, the model-based method was found to be less sensitive to the training data set used than PLS-R and, hence, was more robust when the reaction conditions differed from that of the training data.Long-term consumption of high-fat and high-calorie foods not only causes obesity, but also may cause a decline in sperm quality in men. Rats with abnormal lipid metabolism (high-fat rats) were established by high-fat diet for 24 weeks. HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of testis in rats, TUNEL and flow cytometer was used to detect the cell apoptosis in rat testis and in vitro. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of protein. After 24 weeks of high-fat food feeding, the body weight, serum lipids and number of apoptotic spermatogenic cells in the high-fat group rat were significantly higher than those in the control group. In vivo, the expression of HSP60 protein in testis of high-fat rats was positive related to apoptosis of spermatogenic cells, cleaved caspase 3/caspase 3 protein expression and Bax/Bcl2 protein expression in testis of high-fat rats. Proportion of apoptotic spermatogenic cells was increased by up-regulation of HSP60 protein expression in vitro. Long-term consumption of high-fat diets can cause high expression of HSP60 and spermatogenic cells apoptosis in rats, while HSP60 over-expression promotes spermatogenic cell apoptosis and MAPK signal pathway in vitro. To compare echocardiographic parameters between female powerlifters, fitness-oriented athletes, and sedentary controls. A between-subject, cross-sectional experimental design was adopted. LXY-05-029 Echocardiographic parameters were measured in female powerlifters (n=10; progressive overload 60%-95% of 1 repetition maximum [RM]), fitness-oriented athletes (n=10; 50%-70% of 1-RM), and sedentary control subjects (n=10). Comparisons were made with Kruskal-Wallis tests, one-way analyses of variance, and eta-squared (η ) interpreted as small=0.01-0.06, moderate=0.061-0.14, and large >0.14. Large differences (P>.05) were observed between resistance-trained groups and sedentary controls, whereby relative wall thickness (RWT) and left ventricular (LV) index were greater in powerlifters (RWT 0.40±0.05, η =0.15; LV index 95.6±13.6g/m , η =0.15) and fitness-oriented athletes (RWT 0.40±0.05, η =0.15; LV index 97.9±14.2g/m , η =0.20) compared to sedentary controls (RWT 0.36±0.05; LV index 85.9±10.3g/m ). Large differences were observed in intra-ventricular septal wall thickness (ISWT) and late diastolic velocity (a') between groups, whereby powerlifters exhibited lower a' (8.6±1.2cm/s) compared to fitness-oriented athletes (9.9±0.9cm/s, η =0.26, P=.04) and sedentary controls (9.6±0.9cm/s, η =0.19, P>.05), while fitness-oriented athletes exhibited greater ISWT (10.1±0.7mm) compared to sedentary controls (9.4±1.0mm, η =0.16, P>.05). Differences in cardiac structure between powerlifters, fitness-oriented athletes, and sedentary controls suggest specific cardiac remodeling may occur in response to resistance training, without impairment of cardiac function.Differences in cardiac structure between powerlifters, fitness-oriented athletes, and sedentary controls suggest specific cardiac remodeling may occur in response to resistance training, without impairment of cardiac function.Nerve growth factor (NGF) is critical for the development and maintenance of the peripheral sympathetic neurons. NGF is also involved in the ovarian sympathetic innervation and in the development and maintenance of folliculogenesis. Women with the endocrine disorder, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), have an increased sympathetic nerve activity and increased ovarian NGF levels. The role of ovarian NGF excess in the PCOS pathophysiology and in the PCOS-related features is unclear. Here, using transgenic mice overexpressesing NGF in the ovarian theca cells (17NF mice), we assessed the female embryonic development, and the reproductive and metabolic profile in adult females. Ovarian NGF excess caused growth restriction in the female fetuses, and a delayed gonocyte and primary oocyte maturation. In adulthood, the 17NF mice displayed irregular estrous cycles and altered ovarian expression of steroidogenic and epigenetic markers. They also exhibited an increased sympathetic output with increased circulating dopamine, and metabolic dysfunction reflected by aberrant adipose tissue morphology and function, impaired glucose metabolism, decreased energy expenditure, and hepatic steatosis. These findings indicate that ovarian NGF excess leads to adverse fetal development and to reproductive and metabolic complications in adulthood, mirroring common features of PCOS. This work provides evidence that NGF excess may be implicated in the PCOS pathophysiology.Membrane property and feed characteristics play critical roles in membrane fouling. This paper aims to clarify the roles of membrane pore size (φ) and feed foulant concentration (Cb ) in ultrafiltration fouling induced by polysaccharides. The fouling behaviors were expounded by collision-attachment theory, where the rate of membrane fouling is mainly determined by collision frequency (JCb ) and attachment efficiency (γ). At the initial fouling stage, rapid flux decline was observed at large φ or high Cb due to the great JCb and/or γ. At the later fouling stage, there existed a nearly identical maximum stable flux attributing to the same JCb and γ, which was independent of φ and Cb . Moreover, the smaller φ can lead to less foulants passed through the membrane and thus more foulants attaching on the membrane, while the higher Cb can give rise to more foulants on both the membrane surface and in the permeate. The results presented in current study provide fundamental basis in understanding membrane fouling. PRACTITIONER POINTS Collision-attachment theory was employed to expound the UF fouling behavior. Rapid flux decline occurred at large membrane pore size or high feed foulant concentration in the initial fouling stage. Membranes with different pore size or feed foulant concentration had an identical flux at the latter fouling stage. Lowering membrane pore size or increasing feed foulant concentration can lead to more foulants attaching on the membrane surface.