two way communication), the coachee (e. voluntary participation, f. self-reflection, g. goal setting, h. action plan, i. outcome evaluation), and the coach-coachee rapport (j. coaching training, k. structured coaching model, l. non-directive, m. open ended questions). Adherence to these criteria ranged from as high of 73% of studies (voluntary participation of coach and coachee) to as low as 7% (use of open-ended questions). Coaching is being used inconsistently within the surgical education literature. Our hope is that with establishing criteria for coaching, future studies will implement this intervention more consistently and allow for better comparison and generalization of results.Coaching is being used inconsistently within the surgical education literature. Our hope is that with establishing criteria for coaching, future studies will implement this intervention more consistently and allow for better comparison and generalization of results. To assess short- and long-term outcomes including quality of life (QoL) following PE. Pancreatic enucleation (PE) is deemed to preserve both the endocrine and the exocrine function while ensuring radicality. However, to assess whether this reflects an actual benefit perceived by patients, QoL has to be considered. Data from all consecutive patients undergoing PE from January 2010 to December 2019 were retrospectively analysed. Surgical outcomes were graded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, and EORTC-C30 and the EORTC-Pan26 were administered as a cross-sectional assessment of QoL. A control group consisting of healthy individuals from the general population was obtained and matched using the propensity score matching method. Eighty-one patients underwent PE using the open (59.3%), laparoscopic (27.2%) or robot-assisted (13.5%) approach. Sixty-five (80.2%) patients exhibited functioning/non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNET) at final pathology.Surgical morbidity and comproperly indicated.Despite being associated with significant postoperative morbidity, PE provides excellent long-term outcomes. The risk of NODM is low and related to patient age, with QoL being comparable to the general population. Such information should drive surgeons to pursue PE whenever properly indicated. This study aims to examine the indications, techniques and outcomes of choledochoscopy during laparoscopic bile duct exploration and evaluate the results of the Wiper Blade Manoeuvre (WBM) for transcystic intrahepatic choledochoscopy. Choledochoscopy has traditionally been integral to bile duct explorations. However, laparoscopic era studies have reported wide variations in choledochoscopy availability and use, particulary with the increasing role of transcystic exploration. The indications, techniques and operative and postoperative data on choledeochoscopy collected prospectively during 1320 transcystic and choledochotomy explorations were analysed. The success rates of the WBM were evaluated for the 3 mm and 5 mm choledochocoscopes. Of 935 choledochoscopies, 4 were performed during laparoscopic cholecystectomies and 931 during bile duct explorations (70.5%); 486 transcystic choledochoscopies (52%) and 445 through choledochotomies (48%). Transcystic choledochoscopy was utilised more often than blindnes. Transcystic choledochoscopy was utilised in over 50% of explorations, increasing their rate of success. When attempted, the transcystic Wiper Blade Manoeuvre achieves intrahepatic access in 70-80%. It should be part of the training curriculum. To determine differences in Entrustable Professional Activity (EPA) assessments between male and female general surgery residents. Evaluations play a critical role in career advancement for physicians. However, female physicians in training receive lower evaluations and underrate their own performance. Competency-based assessment frameworks, such as EPAs, may help address gender bias in surgery by linking evaluations to specific, observable behaviors. In this cohort study, EPA assessments were collected from July 2018 to May 2020. The effect of resident gender on EPA entrustment levels was analyzed using multiple linear and ordered logistic regressions. Narrative comments were analyzed using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to identify topics correlated with resident gender. Of the 2,480 EPAs, 1,230 EPAs were submitted by faculty and 1,250 were submitted by residents. Quinine clinical trial After controlling for confounding factors, faculty evaluations of residents were not impacted by resident gender (estimate = 0.09, p = 0.08). However, female residents rated themselves lower by 0.29 (on a 0-4 scale) compared to their male counterparts (p < 0.001). Within narrative assessments, topics associated with resident gender demonstrated that female residents focus on the 'guidance' and 'supervision' they received while performing an EPA, while male residents were more likely to report 'independent' action. Faculty assessments showed no difference in EPA levels between male and female residents. Female residents rate themselves lower by nearly an entire PGY level compared to male residents. LDA-identified topics suggest this difference in self-assessment is related to differences in perception of autonomy.Faculty assessments showed no difference in EPA levels between male and female residents. Female residents rate themselves lower by nearly an entire PGY level compared to male residents. LDA-identified topics suggest this difference in self-assessment is related to differences in perception of autonomy. This meta-analysis systematically reviewed published randomized control trials (RCTs) comparing sutured versus mesh-augmented hiatus hernia (HH) repair. Our primary endpoint was HH recurrence at short- and long-term follow-up. Secondary endpoints were surgical complications, operative times, dysphagia and quality of life. Repair of large hiatus hernias is increasingly being performed. However, there is no consensus for the optimal technique for hiatal closure between sutured versus mesh-augmented (absorbable or non-absorbable) repair. A systematic review of Medline, Scopus (which encompassed Embase), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science and PubMed was performed to identify relevant studies comparing mesh-augmented versus sutured HH repair. Data were extracted and compared by meta-analysis, using odds ratio and mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. Seven RCTs were found which compared mesh-augmented (non-absorbable mesh n = 296; absorbable mesh n = 92) with sutured repair (n = 347).