BACKGROUND Although nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been linked to breast cancer risk, the actual relationship remains unclear. Fatty liver index (FLI) is a noninvasive method for predicting NAFLD. We aimed to assess the association between FLI, a predictor of NAFLD, and breast cancer risk. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation data, we reviewed 7,046,153 women who underwent biennial evaluations between 2009 and 2010. FLI was calculated using body mass index, waist circumference, triglyceride level, and gamma-glutamyl transferase level. FLI  less then 30 ruled out hepatic steatosis, while FLI ≥ 60 indicated NAFLD. Cox regression models were used for analysis. RESULTS Among the subjects, 51.8% (n = 3,606,079) were premenopausal women. In the premenopausal and postmenopausal groups, 32,145 (0.89%) and 28,103 (0.82%) women developed breast cancer, respectively (median follow-up, 7.02 years; interquartile range, 6.39-7.39 years). Mean FLI and standard deviation were lower in premenopausal women (11.24 ± 14.72 vs. 23.88 ± 19.54, P  less then .0001). Three groups were formed according to FLI  less then  30 (n = 5,693,730, 80.81%), 30-60 (n = 1,031,025, 14.63%), and ≥ 60 (n = 321,398, 4.56%). FLIs of 30-60 and ≥ 60 were significantly associated with increased breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women (hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.11; and hazard ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.17, respectively). No association was found in premenopausal women. CONCLUSION High FLI, an indicator of NAFLD, could predict breast cancer in postmenopausal women. INTRODUCTION With the rapid development of computed tomography (CT) equipment, the assessment of effective and organ dose using suitable tools becomes an important issue and will provide health professionals with useful information regarding the radiation risks and the development of standard imaging protocols. Different clinical centres and/or institutions may use several software packages, each with different methods and algorithms for CT dose evaluation. Consequently, radiation doses calculated with these computer software packages might be different for the same patient and representative scanner models. METHODS The effective and organ doses calculated by VirtualDose, CT-expo, and ImPACT software were compared for both males and females using kidney, chest, head, pelvis, abdomen, and whole-body CT protocols. The calculation of radiation dose in these software depends on the use of stylized and boundary representation (BREP) phantoms. selleck RESULTS In general, the results showed that there was a discrepancy between the effective dose values calculated by the three packages. The effective dose in all examinations varied by factors ranging from 1.1 to 1.5 for male and from 1.1 to 1.3 for female. For the female phantom, the VirtualDose shows the highest effective doses in kidney and abdomen examinations while CT-expo gives the highest doses for head and pelvis examinations. For the male phantom, the VirtualDose shows the highest effective doses were for chest examinations. CONCLUSION VirtualDose approach gives the most accurate estimation, however, further work using a size-based method are necessary to improve the assessment of the effective and equivalent organ dose in CT examinations using these packages. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The re-evaluation dosimetry software in comparison with patient size would allow for a more accurate estimation of dose and support the optimization process. BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important role in the tumorigenesis of glioma. Our study indicated that low hsa_circ_0008225 expression was associated with poor overall survival in patients with glioma. However, the relevant mechanism of hsa_circ_0008225 in glioma tumorigenesis remains unclear. METHODS Two datasets (GSE86202 and GSE92322) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) between glioma tissues and matched normal tissues were screened using R language. RESULTS A total of 79 overlapping DEcircRNAs were identified by comparison of glioma and matched normal tissues. In addition, low hsa_circ_0008225 expression was associated with poor overall survival in patients with glioma. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0008225 markedly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of SHG44 cells via inducing apoptosis. Mechanically, overexpression of hsa_circ_0008225 increased the expression of miR-890 targeted gene ZMYND11 via acting as a competitive 'sponge' of miR-890. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that hsa_circ_0008225 functions as a tumor inhibitor in glioma by sponging miR-890 and then promoting the function of ZMYND11. Therefore, hsa_circ_0008225 could be a potential prognostic biomarker for the treatment of glioma. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) affects nearly 20-50% patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). It may be the prodromal stage of dementia and impacts quality of life of the patient and caregiver. Characterizing PD cognition at the stage of MCI may help in understanding of cognitive pathophysiology. This study assessed and compared cognition in patients with PD and mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI, n = 32, age = 61.09 ± 5.97 years), PD patients with normal cognition (PD-NC, n = 32, age = 58.81 ± 6.15 years) and healthy controls (HC, n = 38, age = 57.39 ± 7.14 years). Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test (MoCA) was used for categorization of subjects. Cognitive assessment of five domains executive function, attention, visuospatial function, memory and language (using two tests in each domain) were performed. The effect of PD clinical scores on cognition and cognitive domain specificity in diagnosing PD-MCI were assessed by correlation and receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses, respectively. All the analyses followed removal of potential confounds (age, education and clinical scores). Attention, memory, executive and visuospatial functions were impaired in PD-MCI on comparison with HC and PD-NC groups. Performance in digit span forward and trail making tests for attention and memory (immediate recall) were comparable in both the PD groups. Both the PD groups revealed impairment in attention, memory and language with respect to HC, suggesting the fronto-striatal and posterior cortical syndrome in PD. Highly significant Visual-N-back correlation with UPDRS-III may implicate the shared motor-visuospatial neural pathways. Visual-N-back/PGI delayed recall domains are promising in characterizing PD-MCI stage.