We also used their feedback to modify the outcome collection. Finally, during the randomized controlled trial, we added a parent to the study team to provide longitudinal input, as well as continued to solicit short-term focused feedback to increase recruitment and retention rates. Research studies can benefit from soliciting short-term focused feedback from many stakeholders; having this variety of perspectives allows for many voices to be heard, without placing an undue burden on a few stakeholders.Research studies can benefit from soliciting short-term focused feedback from many stakeholders; having this variety of perspectives allows for many voices to be heard, without placing an undue burden on a few stakeholders. The COMprehensive Post-Acute Stroke Services study was a cluster-randomized pragmatic trial designed to evaluate a comprehensive care transitions model versus usual care. The data collected during this trial were complex and analysis methodology was required that could simultaneously account for the cluster-randomized design, missing patient-level covariates, outcome nonresponse, and substantial nonadherence to the intervention. The objective of this study was to discuss an array of complementary statistical methods to evaluate treatment effectiveness that appropriately addressed the challenges presented by the complex data arising from this pragmatic trial. We utilized multiple imputation combined with inverse probability weighting to account for missing covariate and outcome data in the estimation of intention-to-treat effects (ITT). SCH 900776 inhibitor The ITT estimand reflects the effectiveness of assignment to the COMprehensive Post-Acute Stroke Services intervention compared with usual care (ie, it does not take intots in the presence of complex data requires application of appropriate statistical methods and concerted efforts to ensure high-quality data are collected. Despite the well-documented risks to patient safety associated with transitions from one care setting to another, health care organizations struggle to identify which interventions to implement. Multiple strategies are often needed, and studying the effectiveness of these complex interventions is challenging. The objective of this study was to present lessons learned in implementing and evaluating complex transitional care interventions in routine clinical care. Nine transitional care study teams share important common lessons in designing complex interventions with stakeholder engagement, implementation, and evaluation under pragmatic conditions (ie, using only existing resources), and disseminating findings in outlets that reach policy makers and the people who could ultimately benefit from the research. Lessons learned serve as a guide for future studies in 3 areas (1) Delineating the function (intended purpose) versus form (prespecified modes of delivery of the intervention); (2) Evaluating both the processes supporting implementation and the impact of adaptations; and (3) Engaging stakeholders in the design and delivery of the intervention and dissemination of study results. These lessons can help guide future pragmatic studies of care transitions.These lessons can help guide future pragmatic studies of care transitions. Measuring the effectiveness of transitional care interventions has historically relied on health care utilization as the primary outcome. Although the Care Transitions Measure was the first outcome measure specifically developed for transitional care, its applicability beyond the hospital-to-home transition is limited. There is a need for patient-centered outcome measures (PCOMs) to be developed for transitional care settings (ie, TC-PCOMs) to ensure that outcomes are both meaningful to patients and relevant to the particular care transition. The overall objective of this paper is to describe the opportunities and challenges of integrating TC-PCOMs into research and practice. This narrative review was conducted by members of the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) Transitional Care Evidence to Action Network. We define TC-PCOMs as outcomes that matter to patients because they account for their individual experiences, concerns, preferences, needs, and values during the transition period. The cardinal features of TC-PCOMs should be that they are developed following direct input from patients and stakeholders and reflect their lived experience during the transition in question. Although few TC-PCOMs are currently available, existing patient-reported outcome measures could be adapted to become TC-PCOMs if they incorporated input from patients and stakeholders and are validated for the relevant care transition. Establishing validated TC-PCOMs is crucial for measuring the responsiveness of transitional care interventions and optimizing care that is meaningful to patients.Establishing validated TC-PCOMs is crucial for measuring the responsiveness of transitional care interventions and optimizing care that is meaningful to patients. This Special Issue, Future Directions in Transitional Care Research, focuses on the approaches used and lessons learned by researchers conducting care transitions studies funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). PCORI's approach to transitional care research augments prior research by encouraging researchers to focus on head-to-head comparisons of interventions, the use of patient-centered outcomes, and the engagement of stakeholders throughout the research process. This paper introduces the themes and topics addressed by the articles that follow, which are focused on opportunities and challenges involved in conducting patient-centered clinical comparative effectiveness research in transitional care. It provides an overview of the state of the care transitions field, a description of PCORI's programmatic objectives, highlights of the patient and stakeholder engagement activities that have taken place during the course of these studies, and a brief overview of PCORI's Transitionategrates social needs and lifespan development into our approaches to improving care transitions.