Macrophages specifically engulf apoptotic cells but not healthy cells. Phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) is localized at the inner leaflet of plasma membranes as a result of the action of flippases (ATP11A and 11C). When cells undergo apoptosis, caspase 3 cleaves and inactivates the flippases, while simultaneously cleaving XKR8 to activate its phospholipid scramblase activity. PtdSer is thus swiftly and irreversibly exposed to the cell surface as an 'eat me' signal. Tissue resident macrophages recognize the apoptotic cells using a PtdSer-receptor TIM4 and engulf them with TAM tyrosine-kinase receptors, and integrins. The PtdSer 'eat me' signal appears to override 'don't eat me' signals in most cases.NADPH is a pivotal cofactor that maintains redox homeostasis and lipogenesis in cancer cells and interference with NADPH production is a promising approach for treating cancer. However, how normal and cancer cells differentially exploit NADPH-producing pathways is unclear, and selective approaches to targeting NADPH are lacking. Here, we show that the assayed cancer cell lines preferentially depend on ME1-mediated NADPH production. ME1 knockdown increases intracellular ROS levels and impairs lipogenesis in cancer cells, leading to retarded proliferation and increased anoikis, while sparing normal cells. Notably, ME1 interference ultimately resulted in adaptive upregulation of mitochondrial IDH2 dependent of AMPK-FoxO1 activation to replenish the NADPH pool and mitigate cytosolic ROS. Combining ME1 ablation and IDH2 inhibition drastically reduces intracellular NADPH and prevents resistance to ME1 interference, resulting in increased apoptosis and impeded tumor growth and metastasis. This study demonstrates that cytosolic ME1 integrated with mitochondrial IDH2 is essential for tumor growth and metastasis, thereby highlighting the blockade of metabolic compensation by disrupting mitochondrial-cytosol NADPH transport as a promising approach to selectively targeting NADPH in cancer cells that rely on NADPH-driven antioxidant systems.Oyster production is an economic activity of great interest worldwide. Recently, oysters have been suffering significant mortalities from OsHV-1infection, which has resulted in substantial economic loses in several countries around the world. Understanding viral pathogenicity mechanisms is of central importance for the establishment of disease control measures. Thus, the present work aimed to identify and characterize miRNAs from OsHV-1 as well as to predict their target transcripts in the virus and the host. OsHV-1 genome was used for the in silico discovery of pre-miRNAs. Subsequently, viral and host target transcripts of the OsHV-1 miRNAs were predicted according to the base pairing interaction between mature miRNAs and mRNA 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). Six unique pre-miRNAs were found in different regions of the viral genome, ranging in length from 85 to 172 nucleotides. A complex network of self-regulation of viral gene expression mediated by the miRNAs was identified. These sequences also seem to have a broad ability to regulate the expression of host immune-related genes, especially those associated with pathogen recognition. Our results suggest that OsHV-1 encodes miRNAs with important functions in the infection process, inducing self-regulation of viral transcripts, as well as affecting the regulation of Pacific oyster transcripts related to immunity. Understanding the molecular basis of host-pathogen interactions can help mitigate the recurrent events of oyster mass mortalities by OsHV-1 observed worldwide.Intervention for borderline personality disorder (BPD) in adolescence is crucial as early onset of the disorder predicts more severe course, and intervention 'late' in the course of the disorder is associated with more negative outcomes. In spite of this, access to services is poor. This is because several unique barriers to accessing care exist for adolescents with BPD. In this article we highlight key barriers to care for adolescents with BPD utilizing a conceptual model for understanding health care access that emphasizes the interaction between patient and health care system characteristics. We conclude with proposed recommendations to address these identified barriers.Narrative identity is likely to be important in the development of personality disorder (PD) in adolescence. Adolescents' life narratives provide rich material that is near to their lived experiences and reveal individual differences in self and relatedness and in ways of constructing meaning. Narrative identity is linked with well-being and psychopathology and shapes coping with adversity. Preliminary research suggests that adolescents and adults with PD narrate their lives in ways that are more negative and express lower agency; narratives may also contain content reflecting PD symptoms. Youth's narrative identities may express personality disturbances in self and relationship processes and may affect the consolidation of or recovery from emerging PD in the transition to adulthood - all possibilities worthy of future investigation. Perceived stress can lead to dysregulated cortisol patterns, including blunted peaks and flatter slopes, which are associated with increased morbidity and mortality risks. Couples' interdependence provides a prime opportunity for partners' stress to disrupt a healthy cortisol pattern. This study examined how individuals' own perceived stress and their partners' perceived stress shape cortisol levels and slopes across the day, as well as how positive and negative behaviors during conflict discussions impact associations between stress and cortisol. Both partners of a married couple (n = 43 couples, 86 individuals) completed a full day in-person visit. Each partner completed the Perceived Stress Scale, and all couples engaged in a 20-min marital problem discussion which was recorded and later coded for positive and negative behaviors using the Rapid Marital Interaction Coding System (RMICS). LY2228820 purchase Partners also provided five salivary cortisol samples across the day, two samples before the conflict and three after the conflict.