4 mm, and its thickness was 2.2 mm, with no significant progression at last follow-up (15.3 mm and 2.2 mm, P > 0.05). There was also no statistical difference in OPLL thickness at the largest occupying rate level between preoperation and last follow-up (7.4 mm vs. 7.3 mm, P > 0.05). Four patients presented with cerebrospinal fluid leakage, 1 with screw displacement, and 1 with dysphagia. For patients with cervical OPLL extending to C2, exclusion of ossified ligaments behind C2 combined with anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion below C2 is an effective and alternative technique.For patients with cervical OPLL extending to C2, exclusion of ossified ligaments behind C2 combined with anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion below C2 is an effective and alternative technique. Increasing focus has been placed on patient education to optimize care. In the second part of a 2-part systematic review, we characterize the scope of interventions specifically created to improve neurosurgery patient education, assess the effectiveness of these interventions, and extract features of existing interventions that may be incorporated into future patient education interventions. Our findings may help promote the creation of effective, patient-centered educational interventions. A 2-part systematic review was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases. Titles and abstracts were read and selected for full text review. Studies meeting prespecified inclusion criteria were reviewed in full and analyzed for study design, aim, population, interventions, and outcomes. Of 1617 resultant articles, 33 were included. Print materials, electronic materials, models, and interventions using multiple modalities improved patient knowledge, decreased anxiety, and increased satisfaction. Electron concerns and needs in a manner that is valid cross-contextually, uses clear communication, and is continuous. These interventions will improve the patient-friendliness of discussions with patients. For patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) with bilateral fixed dilated pupils (BFDP), the value of aggressively decompressive craniectomy (DC) treatment is still controversial. The objective of this study was to analyze and validate the outcome of DC in patients with sTBI with BFDP. We retrospectively collected data from 44 patients with sTBI with BFDP who underwent DC treatment from July 2011 to June 2018. Outcomes used as indicators were mortality and favorable outcome. The analysis was based on the Glasgow Outcome Scale score recorded at discharge, 6, and 12 months after trauma. The overall survival was 36.4% (16/44) at discharge and 25.0% (11/44) at 6 and 12 months, and the favorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale score= 4-5) at discharge, 6, and 12 months after injury was 9.1% (4/44), 13.6% (6/44), and 20.5% (9/44), respectively. Sex (P= 0.046), preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (P= 0.031), injury-surgery intervals (P= 0.022), and tracheotomy (P= 0.017) were independent associtively. Characterized by the coexistence of trigeminal neuralgia and ipsilateral hemifacial spasm (HFS), painful tic convulsif (PTC) is a rare entity that has not yet been systematically studied. To systematically explore the epidemiology, cause, prognosis, and prognosis predictors of PTC. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for relevant studies published between establishment of the library and July 1, 2020. Information on demographics, causes, specific interventions, and intervention outcomes was extracted. We first performed descriptive analysis of demographics, causes, and surgical outcomes of PTC. Univariate and multivariate regression methods were used to explore potential prognosis predictors. Further, a 2-step meta-analysis method was used to validate the identified factors. Overall, 57 reports including 192 cases with PTC were included in the analysis. The median age of patients with PTC is 54 years (range, 44-62 years), with more patients being female (P < 0.001), initiated as HFS (P= 0.005), and being affected with left side (P= 0.045). The vertebrobasilar artery contributes to >65% of the causes of single vascular compression for PTC. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery/posterior inferior cerebellar artery involvement (odds ratio, 4.050; 95% confidence interval, 1.091-15.031) and older age (P= 0.008) predict freedom from symptoms and recurrence after microvascular decompression, respectively. PTC occurs more in middle-aged women between 40 and 60 years old, initiates as HFS, and affects the left side. Vertebrobasilar artery compression is the most common single cause of PTC. Microvascular decompression effectively treated PTC, with a cure rate >80%. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery/posterior inferior cerebellar artery involvement predicts successful surgery and older age predicts recurrence.80%. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery/posterior inferior cerebellar artery involvement predicts successful surgery and older age predicts recurrence. To review the clinic value and severity assessment of serum substance P (SP) concentration in children with different degrees of traumatic brain injury (TBI) through analyzing correlations with outcomes. One hundred thirty-nine children with TBI who were diagnosed and treated at Nanjing Medical University for longer than 72 hours between June 2017 and 2019 were analyzed. see more Blood samples were obtained within 24 hours after TBI to measure SP concentration. The endpoint was discharge mortality. Thirty healthy children composed the control group. Comparative analyses of differences in SP concentration were conducted for the different groups. Both the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores and Pediatric Clinical Illness Score (PCIS) were measured on admission and used in univariate and multivariate analyses. The serum SP (89.10 ± 64.32) pmol/L) level in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (21.84 ± 2.09) pmol/L (t= 5.71, P < 0.05). The serum SP (182.81 ± 58.39) pmol/L) level in the deceased group was significantly higher than that in the survival group (59.93 ± 27.90) pmol/L (t= 16.52, P < 0.05). A negative correlation existed between serum SP concentration and Glasgow Coma Scale score in the severe, moderate, and mild groups (r=-0.72, P < 0.05). Serum SP concentration was identified as an independent risk factor for mortality (odds ratio >1, 95% confidence interval= 1.04-1.28, P < 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that serum SP concentration had the same calibrating power as SOFA and PCIS in discriminating the risk of death of children. Serum SP concentration was associated with severity in children with TBI, and extremely high levels indicated a poor prognosis.Serum SP concentration was associated with severity in children with TBI, and extremely high levels indicated a poor prognosis.